19.2.C. Phylum Alveolata organism 1 5. The scanning electron micrograph on the r

Question

19.2.C. Phylum Alveolata organism 1 5. The scanning electron micrograph on the right contains two gartisms in the phylum. What are the structures at the end of the arrow? organism 2 19.2.D. Phylum Stramenopila 6. You've never seen the protistan whose sexual r here, but you have seen one very structures appear similar to it. What are the circular structures in the photo? (287x) 7. While the organism that resulted in the Irish potato famine of 1845-1847 had long been present, environmental conditions that occurred during this perlod resulted in the destructive explosion of disease. Indicate what those environmental conditions were an salted in a major disease outbreak. 8. While walking along the beach at Point Lobos, Cali- fornia, the fellow pictured walks up to you with alga in hand. Figuring you to be a college student who has probably had a good introductory biology course, he asks if you know what it is (a) What is the cell wall component of the organism that has commercial value? (lb) Name three uses for that cell wall component. (425x)

Explanation / Answer

5. The structures at the end of the arrow represents a band of cilia. The organism 2 is Didinium which belongs to the phylum alveolata and the subphylum ciliophora or ciliates.

6. The circular structures seen in the photo are very similar to the budding of yeast or the circular structures could also be round diatoms.

8. a) The alga is a plant-like organism is of polyphytic origin that usually includes green, red, yellow-green and brown algae. The cell wall components of these algae include mannanes, cellulose, xylanes etc,. The one with commercial value is alginate.

b) It is used as a food additive to stabilize, thicken, emulsify and improve texture of various foods such as ice cream, jelly, beer, etc.
Alginates in the form of gels/beads are used for entrappment or encapsulation of molecules and faster drug delivery.
It is used in the cosmetics as thickener and moisture retainer. It helps in retaining the color of the lipstick on lip by forming a gel network.
Alginate is used a substrate of color paste while applying patterns to print fabrics in textile industries.

7. Apart from the organism, P. infestans, the environmental conditions also played a major role in the outbreak of the famine.
a) The population of the Ireland almost doubled from 1800 to 1845 and was solely dependent on a single crop, potato, with no other food alternative incase the food fails. This could also be attributed to the fact that the people had to pay high rents back then to the landlords and potatoes were the only food they could easily afford.
b) Unlike the usual summers which were hot and dry, the summer of 1845 experienced a drop in temperature. The weather became highly humid and rainy. These environmental conditions were ideal for the organism to spread and grow.
c) Since the potatoes were mono-cultured,i.e cultured with only one variety, all the potatoes were affected. Had they been cultured along side with varients, some of them would have survived the infection and would not have outbreaked the famine. Planting genetically uniform crops increases the risk of losing the crop when environmental variables change.

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