There are four species or serogroups of Shigella bacteria; S. dysenteriae (serog

Question

There are four species or serogroups of Shigella bacteria; S. dysenteriae (serogroup A), S. flexneri (serogroup B), S. boydii (serogroup C), and S. sonnei (serogroup D). The species (serogroup) is determined by biochemical testing of the bacterial isolate in the laboratory There are a multiple serotypes of each species (designated by numbers). The serotype is determined by differences in the composition of the portion of the , which is located in the of the Gram-negative cell wall Shigella bacteria are very closely related to E. coli bacteria. Interestingly, E. coli bacteria are motile and Shigella spp. are non-motile. It is theorized that the lack of flagella may help Shigella bacteria evade host defenses because flagellin is a that binds to on phagocytes. In addition, C3b binds to flagellin, which stimulates the complement pathway Shigella bacteria do not possess a adaptive immune response because they are possess a large virulence plasmid that carries genes coding for a type but are protected to some degree against the pathogens. Pathogenic Shigella spp secretion , which are 'injected' into the epithelial cells by the secretion system, system. induce endocytosis of the bacteria by the epithelial cells. The bacteria then escape the endosome and replicate in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cell, where they remodel host cell facilitate cell-to-cell spread Shigella dysenteriae 1 bacteria produce shiga-toxin (Stx), which is coded for by a defective to bacteriophage located in the bacterial chromosome. The Stx genes can be transferred to other bacteria, such as E. coli, by Shiga-toxin is defined as an because it affects the Gl tract and also as a(n) toxin due to its structure. The subunit of the toxin binds to receptors on cells in the intestinal epithelium and the subunit inhibits protein synthesis in the host cell

Explanation / Answer

1. O-antigen

2. Lipopolysaccharide

3. Outer membrane

4. antigenic protein

5. TLR-5 receptor

6. classical complement pathway

7.

8.

9. type-III secretion system

10.effector proteins

11. structure

12. transduction

13. enterotoxin

14. AB-type

15. smaller, B-subunit

16. larger, A-subunit

17.

18. healthy

19. latent

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse T
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.