Problems from 1-1 to 1-12. 1-1. 1-2. When did an economical production method of

Question

Problems from 1-1 to 1-12.

1-1. 1-2. When did an economical production method of steel become available? List the three regions of a stress-strain diagram for mild- or low-carbon structural steel. 1-3. What production method for steel shapes is specified by the following organizations? a. AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) b. AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) 1-4. Define the following: a. Yield stress b. Proportional limit c. Elastic limit List the preferred steel type (ASTM specification) for the following: a. Angles b. W shape c. Plates 1-5. 1-6. What is the range of carbon content in the following materials? a. Cast iron b. Wrought iron c. Steel 1-7. List the functions for furnishing of structural steel that are rarely performed by a single company 1-8. List four advantages of steel as a structural material. 1-9. List four disadvantages of steel as a structural material. 1-10. What is the minimum yield stress of the predominant structural steel used today? 1-11. List four types of failures for structural steel structures. 1-12. What are the limiting dimensions (height, width, and length) for individual pieces of structural steel that can be shipped by trucks on highways with no difficulty or special permitting.

Explanation / Answer

1-1 There are several opinions about steel being economically produced around 17th century. But it is said that on an industrial basis, economical production of steel became possible around the year 1851 and it was patented in the year 1856 by Henry Bessemer and the process is known as Bessemer process. The process was for mass production of steel at low price. It involved the removal of impurities from iron by blowing air through molten iron.

1-2. Elastic region, plastic region and strain hardening region.

In elastic region the material will be able to retain its original form after external force is removed.

In plastic region the material will get permanently deformed.

Strain hardening region is the region between yield point and ultimate tensile strength.

1-4. Yield stress : it is the stress at which the material begins plastic deformation. Stress applied above this value will take the material to plastic zone

Proportional limit : stress at which stress is directly proportional to strain. Stress strain diagram will give a straight line at this region.

Elastic limit : it is the maximum stress that can be resisted by a material without getting permanently deformed.

1-5. Angles : hot rolled ASTM A36 steel angle

Plates : A36

1-6. cast iron : 2.5-4%

Wrought iron : less than 0.08-0.15%

Steel :- low carbon steel :0.04-0.3%

Medium :0.3-0.6%

High : 0.6-1.5%

1-8. Advantages

1-9 disadvantages

1-10 ASTM A36 is the commonly used steel today which has a minimum yield stress of 36000psi

1-11 failures in steel structure

  

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