13. What is the mode of locomotion of the Ciliophora? Which class of Protozoa ar

Question

13. What is the mode of locomotion of the Ciliophora? Which class of Protozoa are incapable of movement? 13. What is the mode of locomotion of the Ciliophora? Which class of protozoa are incapable of movement? 14. List the characteristics of algae. How do they differ from plants? What is the function of chloroplasts? 15. What are diatoms? List the specific characteristics of diatoms. 16. List the characteristics of prokaryotes. List the characteristics of cyanobacteria Which Kingdom do these organisms belong? 17. What are the steps involved in aseptic transfer of culture? 18. Describe the shapes of bacteria 19. List the steps involved in smear preparation. What is the difference injmaking a smear from liquid media and solid media? What are the reasons for heat-fixing the slide before staining? 20. Differentiate between acidic and basic dyes. 21. Define Describe: A. Mycology B. Hyphae C. Mycelium 22. Why are basic dyes more successful on bacteria than acidic dyes? ETT-PACKAR D EXERCISE ho

Explanation / Answer

13. cilia, Sporozoa

14. eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, photosynthetic having chloroplast.

less complex than plants: like algae don't have xylem phloem for transportation.

chloroplast helps in photosynthesis

15. single-celled algae. its cell wall is made up of silica.

contain frustule a diverse structure

may be both marine and freshwater, photoautotrophic in nature

16.

prokaryote: they are primitive cells, lack of nuclear membrane, lack of membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, Golgi body, ER.

Cyanobacteria: a typical bacteria which can do photosynthesis, a blue-green (cyan) colour pigment is present so named accordingly. carry out oxygenic photosynthesis; O2 released into the atmosphere.

both of these belongs to kingdom Monera.

17.

Step 1 No jewellery or artificial nails

Step 2 Long hair tied back

Step 3 Hands must be washed after entering I.V. room and before entering laminar flow hood.

Step 4 Hands, wrists and arms must be washed with antimicrobial soap for 30 to 90 seconds.

Step 5 Gloves should be worn and washed with 70% isopropyl alcohol.

Step 6 Surface of laminar flow hood should be washed with 70% alcohol.

Step 7 Hood must be run at least 30 minutes before you start working.

Step 8 All vials and ports should be wiped down with sterile alcohol pads.

Step 9 Do not block airflow with hands or objects at any time.

Step 10 Work at least six inches into the hood.

Step 11 All needles, syringes and vials must be disposed of in proper containers.

Step 12 No sneezing, coughing or talking in the hood. Do not come to work in the I.V. department while sick.

18.

Coccus- spherical or oval shaped
Rod/Bacillus- rod-shaped
Spirochetes/Spirillum –spiral
Vibrio - comma

19.

smear is a thin layer of bacteria placed on a slide for staining. Preparing the smear requires attention to a number of details that help prevent contamination of the culture and ensure safety to the preparer.

cells from a solid medium are placed in a drop of liquid on the slide then smeared. this is not necessary for a loop of cells from a liquid culture

why is it important to limit the quantity of cells used to prepare a smear?

if too many cells are used to create a smear, it will be difficult to distinguish individual cell shapes and arrangements from large clumps of cells. also staining and destaining techniques do not work well on clumped and layered cells in a smear.

20.

Basic dyes have a positive charge and acidic dyes have a negative charge.

21.

a. mycology- study of fungus

b. hyphae - each branch of mycelium (may be septate or aseptate)

c. mycelium - a network of hyphae

22.

basic dyes bind to bacterial cells by ionic interactions. They have positively charged groups and bind to negatively charged molecules like nucleic acid and proteins. though DNA, RNA and proteins are often -ve charged complex biomolecule.

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