Microbial ecology: 1.) Explain how unique cell structures play a role in microbi

Question

Microbial ecology:

1.) Explain how unique cell structures play a role in microbial ecology studies. What are the benefits to unique compartments for natural isolates? What role(s) do such compartments have in the evolutionary path towards eukaryality? (e.g. annamoxosome)

2.) Describe how microbial metabolism and the environment impact evolution of distinct characteristics in domain Archaea. What do such characteristics (and their placement along the phylogenetic tree) indicate for overall evolution of the domain?

Explanation / Answer

1) Anammox bacteria display many unique properties defy microbiological concepts and consist numerous in common characteristics with eukaryotes and Archaea. The Anammox cell is divided into 3 distinct zones the paryphoplasm , the riboplasm , the anammoxosome. The function of paryphoplasm is not known however it consists of cell ring , the riboplasm resemble the cytoplasm of an ordinary cell with ribosome and nucleoid , the function of anammoxosome is standard ATP production. These cell play a vital role in evolutionary experiment and evolution in ecology. As it is known ammonia has cytotoxic activity it is capable of disrupting nuclear membrane and disintegrate DNA molecules , however if a cell formes divisions/compartment with each separation consisting of only a particular function the cell death can be prevented. As it was discovered in the early nineteenth that the atmosphere in the primitive earth consisted of mostly methane , ammonia and hydrogen so for any life form to flourish so the life forms that flourished on the primitive earth were prokaryotes and for sustainability and survival the bacterial cells adapted itself to the environment by forming compartment one which preserved the genetic material and another which provides energy by utilising the compound present in the atmosphere that is ammonia. This process cannot be carried out in presence of the genetic material as it will get denatured in the presence of ammonia so probably it was separated by the formation of compartments. It is believed by the evolutionary biologist that these compartment are the one which later were responsible for the formation of nuclear membrane.

2) Archaea is one of the most diverse domain with acidophiles , halophiles , thermophiles are found. These are found in places were there metabolic needs are met or they have adapted themselves to a particular environment example: acidophiles are found in deep seas among phosphorus rich rocks and minerals they are capable of metabolising phosphorus ; thermophiles are capable of withstanding high temperatures and can metabolis sulphur and are mostly found in hot springs etc .

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