1. The following picture represents test results from blood samples of two patie

Question

1. The following picture represents test results from blood samples of two patients A and B. Patient A has been vaccinated against influenza virus 12 weeks ago, while B has received the same vaccine 48 hours ago. Both samples were tested for presence of antibodies to influenza HA antiger using ELISA. (HA is a protein on the surface of the influenza virus, that helps with attachment.) The same protocol was followed as shown in the video under the protocol section for ELISA Positive control (HA present) Negative control (HA absent) Sample A Sample B

Explanation / Answer

I. If my blood is tested today for influenza it will be negative for influenza. Vaccination process is used to stimulate the immune system of the body by supplying antigenic material. Thus when antigenic material of influenza will be added to the body it will generate antibody production against infleunza.

J. ELISA : ELISA or Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay is a method to detect antigen or antibody specially in liquid sample. In direct ELISA mehod antigens are atteched or imbolized on the microtiter or ELISA plate.Sample conaining desired antibody is then added onto it. This antibody will form a antigen-antibody coplex which can be visualized by a substrate that will produce a coloured reaction.

For HA antigen test, HA protein was immbolized on the plate. Pateint blood was then added to the plate. If it has influenza antibody it will get atached to the immobilized HA protein. This reaction is visualizd by substrate addition. When influenzy virus is present in the sample blood it will create a cloured product , whereas no colour will be produced in absence of influenzy virus.

2. A. The result shown by Joe can not be accepted, as in his experiment negative control also produce coloured reaction.Negative control implies that the sample is not expressing the HA protein. Absence of HA protein will not generate any product, and without the proper negative control, the result of pateints's sample can not be varified. Thus Joe's result is not true.

B. It is possible that Joe might have added HA protein on the wells of negative control also. Secondly it is also possible the substrate solution get contmaminated.

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