3. 241 Pu decays either by electron decay or by alpha decay. (A given 241 Pu nuc

Question

3. 241Pu decays either by electron decay or by alpha decay. (A given 241Pu nucleus may do either one; it`s random.) What are the isotopes created as products of these two modes of decay?

4. (a)   Recall that the gravitational energy of two gravitationally interacting spheres is give by PE = -Gm1m2/r, where r is the center-to-center distance. What would be the analogous equation for two electrically interacting spheres? Justify your choice of a plus or minussign on physical grounds, considering attraction and repulsion.

(b)    Use this expression to estimate the energy required to pull apart a raisin-cookie atom of the one-electron type, assuming a radius of 10-10m.

6. If you put two hydrogen atoms near each other, they will feel an attractive force, and they will pull together to form a molecule. (Molecules consisting of two hydrogen atoms are the normal form of hydrogen gas.) How is this possible, since each is an electrically neutral? Shouldn`t the attaractiveand repulsive forces all cancel out exactly? Use the raisin cookie model. (Students who have taken chemistry often try to use fancier model to explain this, but if you can`t explain it using a simple model, you probably don`t undestand the fancy model as well as you thought you did!) It`s not so easy to prove that the force should actually be attractive rather than repulsive,so just concentrate on explaining why it doesnt necessarily have to vanish completely.

10.   (a) A free neutron (as opposed to a neutron bond into an atom nucleus) is unstable, and undergoes beta decay. The masses of the particles involved are as follows:

           neutron         1.67495 x 10-27 kg

           proton           1.67265 x 10-27 kg

           electron         0.00091 x 10-27 kg

Find the energy released in the decay of a free neutron.

(b) Neutrons and protons make up essentially all of the mass of the ordinary matter around us. We observe that the universe around us has no free neutrons, but lots of free protons (the nuclei of hydrogen, which is the element that 90% of the universe is made of ). We find the neutrons only inside nuclei along with other neutrons and protons, not on their own.

Although such a process can occur within a nucleus, explain why it cannot happen to a free proton. (If it could, hydrogen would be radioactive, and you wouldnt exist!)

11.      (a) Find a relativistic equation for the velocity of an object in terms of it mass and momentum (elimination Y)

          (b) show that your result is approximately the same as the nonrelativistic value, p/m, at low velocities.

can I please get help with questions 3, 4, 6, 10 and 11 and on 11 is just a and b

oads/Am.pd macroscopic fie, bot micruacopic) objoct to cloes to the aspeed of light woulkd require an uaressonable anoant of y. Suppose that the slanhip Enterprise from Star Thek hos a mas of BD x 10 ke. about the ame e the quee Elsabeth 2 Computs the kisesie mrgy 8 wold have to have if it was moving at half the ppeed of ligh Compare with the total esergy oontent of the woekd's uclene arsenais, which is about 10" J 10 (a) A frte "entros (-appo dtoaneutron bond into slomic macleus) is uratalble, and undergoes bets decay (which yow may want to revice). The manes ol the particles invclved ae proson 1.67265 × 10-m kg Pind the energy releowrl in the decay of a feee neutron. b) Neutrora nd prosons malor sp meentially all of the mam of the urdisary matler sround us. We cheerve thad the universe around us hse no froe nestrons, but lots of free protoss (the moclei of hydrogm, hich is Lhe drmeat that SO% od the unim e is made d) we find nestross oely ineide nuclei slong with other neutrons and protons Il there aee prooacs thai can onert eutrons into protots,w mighe imagine that thre eoukl also be proton to 0eutron otver ions, and indesd such a peocrss dos occuz sometimes in nud thai cetain both meutrone and prsces a protzs can deay inta s is postive. A feutrinn, like nn asintríns, hu mrlitible m Athough sach a peocss cen coour within a suekess, explain why it cannot happes to a froe proton. If 4t could, foedrugen would be 11 (a) Fiad a relativisdic equaiion for the velocity od an ubjeet (bj Shovw thal yoar rooalt is appeoxinatcly the sai as the nonre alivistir volp/,at low velocities (e) Shove that wry largs mmta sult is spesls chune to the speed of lighl 12 As nbject moving at a spool very ckose to the spood of Fight

Explanation / Answer

Case 1:

Decay of 241 Pu 94 by elctron capture

241 Pu 94 + 0 e -1 ------------->   241 Np 93

Case 2:

Decay of 241 Pu 94 by alpha decay

241 Pu 94 -------------->237 U 92 +   4 He 2

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