E) More than one mRNA can be produced from one gene. 6. Muscle cells and nerve c
ID: 184125 • Letter: E
Question
E) More than one mRNA can be produced from one gene. 6. Muscle cells and nerve cells in one species of animal owe their differences in structure to A) having different genes. B) having different chromosomes. C) using different genetic codes. D) differential gene expression. E) having unique ribosomes. 7. If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to A) be replicating. B) be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis C) have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription D) be very active in translation. E) induce protein synthesis by not allowing repressors to bind to it. 8. Two potental deturyotic ells use to rogulae transcription are DNA and histone A) methylation; amplification B) amplification; methylation C) acetylation; methylation D) amplification; acetylation E) methylation; acetylation 9. In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, gene expression is primarily regulated at the level of A). translation B) transcription. C) mRNA stability D) mRNA splicing. E) protein stability. 10. Which of the following statement about enhancers is correct? A) They can be 100 kbp far from the coding region B) They can located in 5'-flanking regions C) They can located only in introns D) All of the above are true 1I. The following is an example of epigenetic change in eukaryotic. A) methylation of DNA B) amplificationof DNAExplanation / Answer
6. (D) differential gene expression
The difference in the two types of cells is because of having different genes expressed.
7. C) have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription.
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that occurs by the addition of a methyl (CH3) group to DNA, thereby often modifying the function of the genes and affecting gene expression. The most widely characterized DNA methylation process is the covalent addition of the methyl group at the 5-carbon of the cytosine ring resulting in 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), also informally known as the “fifth base” of DNA. These methyl groups project into the major groove of DNA and inhibit transcription.
8. E) DNA methylation and histone acetylation
Explanation for DNA methylation is stated in above question 7.
Acetylation of the lysine residues at the N terminus of histone proteinsremoves positive charges, thereby reducing the affinity between histones and DNA. This makes RNA polymerase and transcription factors easier to access the promoter region. Therefore, in most cases, histone acetylation enhances transcription while histone deacetylation represses transcription.
9. B) transcription
Transcription is a key regulatory point for many genes. Sets of transcription factor proteins bind to specific DNA sequences in or near a gene and promote or repress its transcription into an RNA.
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