RESEARCH ARTICLE Abstract Genetics, lifestyle, and dietary habits contribute to

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RESEARCH ARTICLE Abstract Genetics, lifestyle, and dietary habits contribute to metabolic syndrome, but also an altered gut microbiota has been identified. Based on this knowledge it is suggested that host bacterial composition tends to change in response to dietary factors and weight loss. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria affecting host metabolism in obesity during weight loss and to correlate them with changes of the body composition obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We recruited obese individuals receiving a dietary intervention according DACH (German, Austrian, and Swiss Society of Nutrition) reference values and guidelines for prevention and therapy of obesity'of DAG eV DDG, DGE e.V, and DGEM e.V. over three months. Faecal microbiota and BIA measurements were conducted a three time points, before, during, and after the intervention. Gut microbiota was analysed on the basis of 16S rDNA with quantitative real time PCR. Additionally, a food frequency questionnaire with questions to nutritional behaviour lifestyle, and physical activity was administered before intervention. After weight reduction, obese individuals showed a significant increase of total bacterial abundance. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes significantly decreased during intervention. Lactobacilli significantly increased between the first and the second time point. These difference also correlated with differences in weight percentage. During the intervention period Clostridium ch increased significantly between the second and the third time point. In contrast Clostridium cluster XIVa showed a decreased abundance. The dominant butyrate producer, Faecalibacterium prausnitzi,significantly increased as did the abundance of the butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA-transferase gene. Archaea and Akkermansia were significantly more prevalent after weight reduction. Our results show a clear difference in the gut bacterial composition and after dietary intervention with a rapid change cluster IV befor in gut microbial composition after a few weeks, but also indicate at a major shift requires long term dietary treatment

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For question 1. I'm missing the information from your textbook, hence, I can't answer it.

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3. Credentials: According to the article’s version I looked up or the images you posted, I can’t see the autors’ credentials.

4. The authors are affiliated to Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna and yes, this affiliation enhances the authors’ credibility because this means the institution supports his work.

5. Yes, at the end of the article the you can find the complete bibliography and yes, full citations are provided to be able to consult it.

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