22. Explain how antigenic drift requires individuals to get a flu vaccine yearly

Question

22. Explain how antigenic drift requires individuals to get a flu vaccine yearly.

SHORT ANSWER

Explain how a bacteriostatic antibiotic is useful even if it does not result in the death of the pathogen.

Give an example of when you would want to use a broad-spectrum antibiotic and when you would want to use a narrow-spectrum antibiotic. Give a disadvantage to using a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Explain how organisms can develop resistance to chemical disinfectants.

Describe how avoiding the use of antibiotics for viral infections can prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.

60. You turn on a television and catch the end of an interview with a young patient who developed a life-threatening MRSA infection after a routine surgery to remove his appendix. What is the term for this type of surgical wound infection, and how common are these infections?

61. An elderly man is admitted to a hospital after he experiences a heart attack. Four days after his admission he is diagnosed with pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas. Three other patients in the same hospital at the same time also develop pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas. List at least four key questions an infectious disease epidemiologist would want answered as the source of these infections is investigated.

62. A nurse stops by a new patient’s room and observes a sign outside the door indicating that a disposable mask and gown should be worn in addition to latex gloves when caring for this patient. What are the two broad categories of patients that would require this extra step, and who is this gear designed to protect in each category?

63. Describe two ways in which technology has contributed to the emergence of pathogens and the spread of infectious diseases.

Explanation / Answer

So, in order to take flu vaccines yearly, it is recommended to review the compositions of the flu vaccines so that it can be effective over the same flu viruses.

2. Bacteriostatic antibiotic is useful even it is not involve in the death of the pathogen because the mechanism of bacteriostatic antibiotic is to stop the cell growth by inhibiting the cell wall formation, breaking the plasma membrane and by stopping the nucleic acid synthesis.

3. Amoxicillin is broad spectrum antibiotic which is used in several treatments. Azithromycin is narrow spectrum antibiotic which is used in bronchitis. Use of broad spectrum antibiotic may lead to the drug resistance over different microorganism.

4. Organisms can develop the resistance towards the chemical disinfectant eigher through making waxy outwall, by preventing the uptake of chemicals into the cell, by spore forming or by using the glycocalyx.

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