Which of the following observations bear directly on our present best estimate f

Question

Which of the following observations bear directly on our present best estimate for the age of the universe?

a. the measurement of the apparent magnitude of type 1A supernovae in other galaxies.
b. the current temperature of the cosmic background radiation.
c. the age of the oldest life on Earth.
d. measurement of the Hubble constant as a function of distance.
e. estimates for the fraction of stars that form black holes at the end of their evolution.

(There can be multiple correct answers or no correct answers)

Explanation / Answer

to know age of the universe
Knowing the current speeds and distances to galaxies, coupled with the rate at which the universe is accelerating, allows us to calculate how long it took for them to reach their current locations. The answer is about 14 billion years.

hence option d. measurement of the Hubble constant as a function of distance. is true

also, the current temperature of the cosmic background radiation. tells us how long it took for this radiation to come to this rtemperature and gives us estimate to the age of the universe
hence option b. and d.

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