Both the chloroplast and the mitochondria require chemiosmosis to generate ATP.

Question

Both the chloroplast and the mitochondria require chemiosmosis to generate ATP. A-) what is the source of energy that produces the protein gradient in each of these organelles? B-) describe the relative pH in the following subcelullar compartments (high, low, neutral): inner thylakoid, stroma, intermembrane space, mitochondrial matrix. C-) the drug antimycin A inhibits electron transport at cytochrome c reductase (complex III). What immediate effect will this have on ATP production and how will it alter the overall process of glycolysis? Both the chloroplast and the mitochondria require chemiosmosis to generate ATP. A-) what is the source of energy that produces the protein gradient in each of these organelles? B-) describe the relative pH in the following subcelullar compartments (high, low, neutral): inner thylakoid, stroma, intermembrane space, mitochondrial matrix. C-) the drug antimycin A inhibits electron transport at cytochrome c reductase (complex III). What immediate effect will this have on ATP production and how will it alter the overall process of glycolysis? A-) what is the source of energy that produces the protein gradient in each of these organelles? B-) describe the relative pH in the following subcelullar compartments (high, low, neutral): inner thylakoid, stroma, intermembrane space, mitochondrial matrix. C-) the drug antimycin A inhibits electron transport at cytochrome c reductase (complex III). What immediate effect will this have on ATP production and how will it alter the overall process of glycolysis?

Explanation / Answer

Both the chloroplast and the mitochondria require chemiosmosis to generate ATP.

A-) what is the source of energy that produces the protein gradient in each of these organelles?

B-) describe the relative pH in the following subcellullar compartments (high, low, neutral): inner thylakoid, stroma, intermembrane space, mitochondrial matrix.

C-) the drug antimycin A inhibits electron transport at cytochrome c reductase (complex III). What immediate effect will this have on ATP production and how will it alter the overall process of glycolysis?

A-) what is the source of energy that produces the protein gradient in each of these organelles?

                The source of energy are high –energy electrons. The high-energy electrons are derived from the action of sunlight in the chloroplast and from the oxidation of food molecules in the mitochondria. The electron transfers release energy that is used to pump protons.

B-) describe the relative pH in the following subcellullar compartments (high, low, neutral):

inner thylakoid – pH low

stroma – pH neutral

Intermembrane space - neutral

Mitochondrial matrix. – neutral (around 7.8)

C-) the drug antimycin A inhibits electron transport at cytochrome c reductase (complex III). What immediate effect will this have on ATP production and how will it alter the overall process of glycolysis?

Antimycin binds to cytochrome c reductase thereby inhibiting the oxidation of ubiquinone. The inhibition of cytochrome c reductase disrupts the formation of the proton gradient across the inner membrane; the production of ATP is inhibited. There is a reduction in the cellular levels of ATP.

Glycolysis is an independent metabolic pathway. In Glycolysis the glucose molecules are converted into pyruvate and the free energy released in this process is used to form ATP and NADH. It starts with one molecule of glucose and ends with two pyruvate molecules, four ATP molecules and two molecules of NADH.

Moreover Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. Therefore the addition of antimycin will lead to more utilization of glucose by the cell.

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