With reference to the adaptive immune system, explain how vaccines work and the

Question

With reference to the adaptive immune system, explain how vaccines work and the types of preparations used for vaccines. Explain in detail what host defenses, innate and adaptive, will go into action to deal with the following invaders..While you arc gardening, a mosquito carrying West Nile virus bites you. [virus] Your child reports many of her classmates have strep throat, and her best friend went home today with a fever and sore throat, [bacteria] Your uncle was excited to get a bear hunting permit and now has cooked a bear steak for you. It looks a little rare, and sure enough, there are viable Trichinella in the piece you taste. [helminthic parasite]

Explanation / Answer

Trichinella spiralis is a nematode parasite. It occurs in pigs, horses, bears and humans. It causes trichinosis. It is also called “pork worm” as it is commonly found in improperly cooked pork products.

Trichinosis is a public health problem around the world where pork is consumed. It spreads to humans by the consumption of meat containing the larvae.

As this parasite is found in bears too, the bear killed by the Uncle too would have had Trichinella. When the meat is cooked rare, it is not cooked very heavily and the Trichinella would not have died. Hence the person consuming the meat will be infected by Trichinella.

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