Final Exam (short answer) You must answer all 7 questions worth 59 points. There
ID: 179298 • Letter: F
Question
Final Exam (short answer)
You must answer all 7 questions worth 59 points. There are two extra-credit questions worth 6 points. Name: ______fatima
A population can be described in five aspects: range, distribution, growth, size and density._____________________________________
Please provide a 1 to 2 sentence definition for four of the following five terms. (8 points) Population range:
Population distribution:
Population growth:
Population size:
Population density:
A logistic growth model for a salmon population is shown below.
At which of the following population size is the growth rate at its highest: 10000, 40000, or 60000 (2 points)
What is the estimated carrying capacity (K) for this population? (2 points)
You're an ecologist in charge of setting limits on when and how many salmon can be harvested each year. The goal is to maintain the salmon population size so that they can provide the maximum sustainable yield. What would be the ideal population size for maximum sustainable yield and please describe why? (3 points)
A drastic change in pH can limit the ability of enzymes to function properly.
The pH value is a measure of a specific chemical compound in a solution. What is that chemical compound? (2 points)
Please provide pH values that are considered acidic, neutral and basic (3 points)
acidic: neutral: basic:
With regards to the chemical compound measured by pH, is the concentration of this chemical higher in an acidic solution or a basic solution? (2 points)
Extra credits (2 points): Name the chemical or its precursor that is produced in blood to act as a pH buffer. {A hint is that blood cells can convert CO2 into this chemical compound to help absorb CO2 from metabolic tissues}.
a. List in order the phases of mitosis:
anaphase, cytokinesis, metaphase, prophase, telophase. (5 points)
Describe a unique cellular event that's associated for each of the five phases. (5 points) anaphase: cytokinesis: metaphase: prophase: telophase:
You have a pea plant that exhibits the dominant phenotype of producing round pea pods (R), as opposed to the recessive phenotype of wrinkled pea pods (r).
What are the two possible genotypes of this plant, specifying the allele(s)? E.g., RR, Rr or rr (4 points)
You want to determine the actual genotype of this plant with a test cross, what is the genotype of the plant that should be used for the test cross. E.g., RR, Rr or rr (2 points)
Please draw the Punnett squares for these two possible test crosses (6 points)
a. List in order the following four steps for eukaryotic gene expression: export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, translation, transcription, splicing. (4 points)
b. Name the products from translation, transcription and splicing. Hint: There is a distinct and precise name given to the product of each of these three steps. (3 points)
What macromolecule is made by transcription?
What macromolecule is made by translation?
What macromolecule is made by splicing?
Extra credits (4 points): Name an enzyme that functions in these two steps of gene expression.
transcription:
translation:
Given A1 has allele frequency p=0.8 and A2 has allele frequency q=0.2, please use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to calculate the proportions of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes expected in the next generation.
Please write the equation for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (2 points)
What are the expected proportions for the three genotypes: A1A1, A1A2, A2A2. Show your calculation. (6 points)
A1A1:
A1A2:
Explanation / Answer
Population distribution : It refers to the spread of people around the world i.e where people live.
Population growth :An increase in the number of individuals in a population is known as population growth.
Populaton size :It refers to the number of individuals that are a part of the population.
Population density:It refers to the number of individuals that reside per unit area.
The growth rate is highest at 40000.
The carrying capacity is 60000 as it is the maximum population size.
For maximun sustainable yield, the population size should be equal to the carrying capacity i,e 60000 because population size will decrease above the carrying capacity as there will be limited resources available for growth of the species.
The chemical compound is hydrogen ion.
pH rage is from 0-14 , Below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, above 7 is alkaline.
The concentration of this chemical is higher in acidic solution.
Bicarbonate acts as pH buffer in the cell.
a.prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase-cytokinesis
Prophase :Centrosomes with centrioles appear.
Metaphase: The chromosome with the sister chromatids arrange themselves on the equatorial plate.
Anaphase : The chromosomes with sister chromatids breaks at the centromere and the sister chromatids move to opposite poles by contrction of spindle fibres.
Telophase: Inward movement of cell membrane to form two daughter cells with nucleus and chromosomes.
Cytokinesis :Cell furrow divides the cell into two each with distinct nucleus and chromosomes which condense to form chromatin.
The two possible genotypes are RR - Dominant and rr- recessive
rr- recessive should be used for the test cross.
a.The order is :transcription--- splicing----export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm----translation
b. Trancription makes RNA.
Translation makes a polypeptide chain or protein.
Splicing makes m RNA(messenger RNA).
Enzyme in transcrition is : RNA polymerase and in translation is aminoacyl tRNA synthetase.
p= 0.8 , q = 0.2
proportion of homozygous dominant expected in next generation = p2 = 0.64
proportion of homozygous recessive expected in next generation =q2 = 0.04
Equation for Hardy weinberg equilibrium : p2 + q2+ 2pq = 1
A1A1 = p2 =0.8* 0.8= 0.64
A1A2=2pq = 2* 0.8*0.2= 0.32
A2A2=q2 = 0.2*0.2 = 0.04
r r R Rr Rr R Rr RrRelated Questions
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