Question 1 Case 1 Question 1: What tissue layers make up the wall of the stomach

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Question 1 Case 1 Question 1: What tissue layers make up the wall of the stomach (start list with layer adjacent to the lumen)? Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4

Case 1 Question 2: Explain the mechanism of action for a drug like omeprazole work. How does an antacid like Tums(TM) work? (Do not write your answer like a commercial for these drugs, stick to scientific explanations.)

Question 3 Case 1 Question 3: What is the risk of chronic acid reflux?

Question 4 Case 1 Question 4: If the barium swallow is inconclusive, what is another test that can be ordered that will look for evidence of abnormal growths (polyps) in the upper GI tract?

Question 5 Case 2 Question 1: What, specifically, is a polyp? 2 points

Question 6 Case 2 Question 2: What are the lifestyle risk factors that can lead to growths in the large intestine?

Question 7 Case 2 Question 3: The surgical consult recommends a bowel resection 15 centimeters in both directions from the site of the polyp. How much (what percentage) of the entire colon would be removed in this procedure?

Question 8 Case 2 Question 4: Considering the full name of the molecule CEA, why is it a useful marker for cancer?

Question 9 Case 3 Question 1: What cells produce mucus in the lungs? Blank 1 Blank 2

Question 10 Case 3 Question 2: What does the color of sputum signify for this case?

Question 11 Case 3 Question 3: Considering all the symptoms of this case, the chest X-ray means what diagnosis is most probable?

Question 12 Case 3 Question 4: What drugs can be given to treat this condition (the answer to the previous question)?

Question 13 Case 4 Question 1: What does PSA stand for? Blank 1 - Blank 2 Blank 3 2 points

Question 14 Case 4 Question 2: What anatomical structure is in a convenient location for digital examination of the prostrate? 2 points

Question 15 Case 4 Question 3: What other tests (besides digital exam and PSA screening) should be included in a prostate diagnosis

Question 16 Case 4 Question 4: Why is a bone scan used to test for metastasis in a case like this? Path: p Words:0

Question 4 Case 1 Question 4: If the barium swallow is inconclusive, what is another test that can be ordered that will look for evidence of abnormal growths (polyps) in the upper GI tract?

Question 3 Case 1 Question 3: What is the risk of chronic acid reflux? Question 4 Case 1 Question 4: If the barium swallow is inconclusive, what is another test that can be ordered that will look for evidence of abnormal growths (polyps) in the upper GI tract?

Case 1 Question 2: Explain the mechanism of action for a drug like omeprazole work. How does an antacid like Tums(TM) work? (Do not write your answer like a commercial for these drugs, stick to scientific explanations.) Question 3 Case 1 Question 3: What is the risk of chronic acid reflux?

Explanation / Answer

Case 1- question 1 - 4 layers, innermost layer of smooth muscle run obliquely. Serosa / muscularis externa / submucosa / mucosa

Question 2- mechanism of action of omeprazole - it is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). It lowers the amount of acid in your stomach, treats heartburn, and heals ulcers. Provides long-lasting heart burn relief.

Action of tums - it is an antacid. It counteracts the effects of stomach acid to relieve heartburn and acid tummy (indigestion).Quick relief to heart burn but does not last all day.

Question 3 - risks of chronic acid reflux would be abnormal changes in the lining of esophagus eventually causing cancer.

Question 4 - the other tests would be upper GI series and enteroclysis.

Case 2 question 1 - polyp is an outgrowth or clump of cells on the lining of colon.

Question 2 - Risk factors are

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