Dear Chegg Experts, The following is a genetics problem that deals with populati

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Dear Chegg Experts, The following is a genetics problem that deals with population statistics and variance. Each part begins with important information, and then each part ends with a question. Each question builds off the previous. Can you please answer "Question A" which is: Which population of Magic Glow Worms should you breed? Why?, and "Question B":  In your uncontrolled, variable environment, you get a range of F2 offspring that average 16 candela with a variance of 15 candela. Explain this inheritance pattern and why the two environments affect it in this way. Then calculate the broad sense heritability of this trait. And "question C": Why did these worms not produce 22 candela offspring? and lastly, "question D":  How many candela should your next selected parents be to achieve this goal?

Part A: You are a breeder of Magic Glow Worms. Your current business is breeding and raising glow worms for classrooms, but you think you can expand into the eco-friendly lighting business. In the wild, one population of Magic Glow Worms produces 5 candela of light on average, with a variance of 2.5 candela. Your local population produces 6 candela, with a variance of 1 candelas. Your captive population, which you raise in a perfectly controlled environment, produces an average of 5 candelas with a variance of 0.5 candelas. Your goal is to produce a line of Magic Glow Worms that produce 10 candelas.

Question A. Which population of Magic Glow Worms should you breed? Why?

Part B. After all that, you find out that wild Magic Glow Worms are now protected by the Endangered Species Act and that you will be unable to collect wild worms for breeding. You must now rely only on your captive Glow Worm population. After months of selection, you produce the following 5 true breeding Glow Worm lines:

Question B: In your uncontrolled, variable environment, you get a range of F2 offspring that average 16 candela with a variance of 15 candela. Explain this inheritance pattern and why the two environments affect it in this way. Then calculate the broad sense heritability of this trait.

Part C. You are encouraged by your variable environment producing some worms at 22 candela. You take those worms and breed them, producing a generation with an average of 20.8 candelas.

Question C: Why did these worms not produce 22 candela offspring?

Part D. You now how glow worms with an average of 20.8 candelas. Your goal is to establish a line of worms that produce 25 candela before you pitch your alternative worm lights on Shark Tank.

Question D: How many candela should your next selected parents be to achieve this goal?

Line Average candelas A 10 B 15 C 12 ED E 9 As the lines with the highest candelas, you breed line B and C together and raise the offspring in two environments. In your perfectly controlled environment, you get the following F2 offspring 9012 19 candela worms 5982 15 candela worms 1002 10 candela worms Variance: 6.83

Explanation / Answer

A. You should breed the wild worms, which have highest variance. They are more likely to reach the value of 10 candela.

B. There is environmental effect on the variance. In a controlled environment, where all conditions are favorable higher candela worms are produced. This is because positive chemical signals bind to promoter regions of DNA; resulting in production of more light. On the other hand, in uncontrolled environment, some negative signals are also there; which decrease the light production. The overall effect is epigenetic.

Broad sense heritability = Genetic Variance (Vg) / Phenotypic variance (Vp)

Vp = Ve + Vg

Ve = initial variance = 0.5

Vg = 6.83

Vp = (6.83 + 0.5) = 7.33

Broad sense heritability = (6.83/7.33) = 0.93 (in controlled environment)

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