Name types of epithelia: cuboidal, squamous, and columnar. Where are the differe

Question

Name types of epithelia: cuboidal, squamous, and columnar. Where are the different types located (e.g. tissues and organs). What is function of epithelia? What is the different between an endocrine and exocrine gland. Epithelia has polarity (apical surface facing lumen and basolateral surface facing deeper tissue) What are tight junctions and gap junctions. Chapter #5 Basic Diagram of skin. Papillary and Reticular layers (You don't need to know the layers of epidermis). Where are is the epidermis and hypodermis located. What cells inhabit each layer (e.g. keratinocytes, adipocytes (fat), capillaries or larger vessels. Hair follicle, sweat gland, sebaceous glands are present in which layer (accessory structures). What are melanocytes? What is basal cell carcinoma and melanoma cancers? Which one has better survival rate? Describe a burn and skin repair?

Explanation / Answer

Cuboidal epithelia: consists of single layer of cells that are as tall as they are wide. Functions in secretio and absorption. Found in collecting ducts of Kidneys, Pancreas, salivary glands.

Squamous epithelia: Cells are flat in shape and arranged in in single layer. This layer is thin and helps in passive diffusion of compounds. eg: walls of capillaries, linings of pericardium and alveoli of lungs.

Columnar epithelia: Cells are tall and closely packed. Found in areas which have secretory function. eg: Micro villi in the intestine, cilia found in female reproductive tract.

Endocrine glands: Release or secrete chemical substances called harmones into the bloodstream or tissues directly.

Exocrine glands: Release or secrete chemical substances through ducts or channels.

Tight junctions are sheet of cells that provide interface between mass of cells and a cavity. They seal adjacent epithelial cells beneath their apical surface. On the other hand gap junctions are intercellular channels which permit passage of ions or molecules between cells.

Melanocytes are melanin producing cells present in the bottom layer of skin epidermis, middle layer of eye, inner ear, bones, menenges and heart.

Basl cell carcinoma is a non melanoma cancer which may not spread to other parts of body and has better survival rate. Whereas melanoma cancer is aggressive and spreads to other parts of body.

Burns effect the superfical layers of skin and can be healed easily whereas skin repair is a damage to inner layers of skin where surgery is done by graft replacement.

Osteoblast is a mononucleate cells from which bone develops. Osteoclasts are large multinuclear cells associated with resorption of bone. Osteocytes helps in bone maintainance.

Trabecular or spongy or Cancellous bone is one of bone tissues found in human body found at the ends of long bones, ribs, skull, and vertebrae in spinal cord.

Cortical bone is one of the two types of osseous tissues that form bones. They facilitate bone functions to support the whole body protect organs.

Diaphysis is the main or mid section of long bone.

Epiphysis is the round end of long bone

Chondrocytes are only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartlaginous matrix.

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