Which one of the following below correctly completes the statement, Reciprocal a

Question

Which one of the following below correctly completes the statement, Reciprocal altruism directed toward non-kin may evolve when. Individuals can recognize and remember other individuals Punishment is rare Opportunities to offer altruism are rare The cost to the actor is only slightly higher than the benefit to the recipient Individuals that do not reciprocate are not remembered The study of heritable changes in gene activity which are not caused changes in the DNA sequence is referred to as, Post chromosomal inheritance, Epigenetics Pre chromosomal inheritance Polygenetics

Explanation / Answer

27. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that does not involve changes to the original DNA sequence that indicate a change in phenotype without a change in genotype.

The epigenetic change is a usual and natural occurrence but can also be controlled by various factors including the environment, age, lifestyle, and disease state.

At least three systems including DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) -associated gene silencing are presently considered to begin and maintain epigenetic change.

Hence, the correct answer is the option (b).

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