write a paragraph: describing what you see as the strengths and weaknesses of th
ID: 1765497 • Letter: W
Question
write a paragraph: describing what you see as the strengths and weaknesses of this analytical perspective. This may include theoretical elements (like how ethical the approach is) or practical elements (like whether the approach can be applied to real-life questions).textbook: Theory and Practice in Policy Analysis by Granger Morgan
Theory and Practice in Policy Analysis, Chapter 5 – A big challenge that bridges sustainability and policy analysis is how to value "intangibles". We know that we like to preserve nature, prevent pollution, and let people have happy and healthy lives. But how do we take those things into account if we are doing a policy analysis? For a long time, they were just ignored but clever people have come up with methods to quantify them. People have often pushed back at this idea and have argued that any attempt to "quantify" the value of life or clean air is missing the entire point. So we are left with something of a dilemma: if we don't quantify these "intangibles" then they won't be counted in our analyses. But if we do try to quantify them, we run into all sorts of issues.
Questions to think about: What is the “value of a statistical life” and how should we think about it? Is it ethical to use a dollar value for VSL? How should we estimate VSL? Should we target decisions towards activities that reduce accidental deaths at lowest overall cost, or do the features of the risk matter? What do you think about “contingent valuation” as a concept? Is it a good idea? Ethical? If it isn’t ethical, are there ways we can make it more ethical to use? How should we value ecosystems and other “natural” goods? Are there some things that should just be left unquantified?
Explanation / Answer
Today National technology advancement is the chief objective of the US strategy plan. Power of technology is growing day by day it covers political, economic trends of the global economy. Some of the strengths of technology are as follows -
1. Highly skilled Human resource, broad scope, and large scale of the US basic research enterprise.
2. Technological sophistication, wealth, openness, and increase in size of US domestic market.
3. advancement in new technologies, increase intensive industries products and services.
4. Data from National Science Board shows home market share of world consumption of high tech products in 1988 - United States (36%), France (5%), West Germany (10%), Japan (25%).
5. US domestic market provides a rich bed for technological advancement in products and services.
6. Technological advancement results in the wealth of the domestic market, they provide a strong base for basic research for scientists and engineers.
7. US technological strengths includes aerospace, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, oil refining, computers, and software, they contribute largely to the strength of the economy.
8. Increase in human technical resources worldwide.
Weaknesses -
1. Inadequate investment by the companies in competitive production.
2. Lack of strong federal technological policy in order to support national economic development.
3. It is difficult for the investors who's going be benefited are at a high risk.
4. Poor quality of the work force training and education.
5. A quality gap emerged between US firms and their foreign competitors.
6. During the 1970s and 1980s slow adoption of advanced technological products ny manufactures relating to the Japanese competitors.
7. Mistrust between labor and management.
8. Too little R and D scanning related to new technologies relative to total company investment in original in house R and D.
9.Private industry is responsible for increasing its investment in research and development to meet the demands of the ongoing global competition but US public policies and higher education system have an adverse impact on composition and management of private sector commercial R and D.
10. There are some of the evidences that shows that government of US provides limited support to the development of commercially genetic technology.
In order to remain world's leading economic and technological power it is very important to makes changes in both private and sector technologies. Strategies should be dealing with the weakness of the technological enterprise.
11. Level and quality of work force should be raises by the government.
12. Training and continuing education should be provided properly.
13 There must be up gradation in nation's civilian R and D effort.
14. Technologies must be used extensively and effectively.
15. Implementation of federal technology policy with that of national domestic and foreign economic policy.
Internal environment of the institution must include
-faculty and staff
-classroom, laboratories, and facilities
-current students
-operational budget
Research programmers’
Various committees.
External environment of the institution must include:
-prospective employers of graduates
-competitions colleges
-funding agencies
Policy and reforms highlight introducing, sustaining and accessing change in the political process, the role of policy entrepreneurs is key in seeking out windows of opportunity. Policy reforms are useful since they represent - strategies for change, create opportunities, policy reform efforts, policy network map, the analysis of stakeholders objectives.
Successful policy implementation has been evidenced in-
coherence
Stability
Peer support
Training
Engagement
A policy of change and reform involves a selection of values that express a particular view of society.
Reform has an allocation of benefits and costs, promotes competition among groups, regime's political stability and reform associated with regular political events or political crisis.
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