Genetics: Microarrays can be used for unbiased, high-throughput DNA methylation

Question

Genetics:

Microarrays can be used for unbiased, high-throughput DNA methylation profiling of large genomic regions. Unmethylated and methylated DNA fractions are enriched using a series of treatments with methylation sensitive restriction enzymes, and interrogated on microarrays. This methodology was applied for fine-mapping of methylation patterns of chromosomes 21 and 22 in eight individuals using tiling microarrays consisting of over 340 000 oligonucleotide probe pairs. What conclusions can you make about which genes might be implicated in methylation of DNA in chromosomes 21 and 22? What is the importance in knowing which genes may cause DNA methylation? How might this information be applied in the medical field?  

Explanation / Answer

1) In methylation of DNA chromosomes 21 and 22 CpG gene is resposible. . It is base pair sequence from the CG base pairing of cytosine and guanine from double stranded sequences.

2) It is very much important to know that which gene is methylated. As the total number of CpG sites in humes is 28 million. in mammels 70 to 80 % of CpG cytosines are methylated.

3) if less than that it an indication of viral infection In cancer loss of expression of CpG gene for about ten times more frequently by hypermethylationof promoter CpG islands which an indication of occurance of cancer. If heavely methylated (3-6 driver mutation) then its an indication of colon cancer.

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