PLEASE ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS!!! THANK YOU 1. Know where in the cell protei
ID: 175548 • Letter: P
Question
PLEASE ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS!!! THANK YOU
1. Know where in the cell proteins destined for the cell membrane or excretion from the cell occur (RER)
2. What types of proteins do free floating ribosomes produce?
3. What is the first amino acid in every protein?
4. What are the four important sites in ribosomes?
5. tRNA!!!! Inosine, wobble hypothesis, codons and anticodons. Ability of ribosomes to detect H-bonding between 3rd codon and 1st anticodon…….
6. What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases? Describe the mechanism of action, pyrophosphate….
6. What is the difference between monocistronic and polycistronic? What species would each occur in?
7. The mechanism of translation, stages, and role elongation factors play? What is the energy source used to drive protein synthesis? What role does release factors play in translation, what do they recognize?
Explanation / Answer
1. The path of a protein destined for secretion first move to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, then proceeds through golgi apparatus and finally in a vesicle that fuses at the cell membranes via porosomes that depositing the proteins on the outside of the cell.
2. free or floating ribosomes make proteins that will function in the cytosol.
3. The first amino acid is methionine for every protein.
4. The important sites of ribosomes are : P site (peptidyl-tRNA binding site), A site (aminoacyl-tRNA binding site), E site (exit site) and mRNA binding site.
5. The question is not clear.
6. The synthetase first binds ATP and the corresponding amino acid to form an aminoacyl-adenylate, releasing inorganic pyrophosphate. The complex then binds the appropriate tRNA and the amino acid is transferred from the amino acid-AMP to either 2' or 3' OH of the last tRNA molecules at the 3'end.
6. Polycistronic mRNA contains codons of a more than one cistron and codes for more than one protein. Monocistronic mRNA contains codons for a single cistron and codes only for a single protein. Polycistronic mRNA presents in prokaryotes while monocistronic mRNAs present in eukaryotes.
7. The 3 steps are involved in translation mechanisms:
1. Initiation -translation begins with the binding of small ribosomal subunit to mRNA.
2. Elongation - with the formation of fMet-tRNA, an aminoacyl tRNA can bind to mRNA which is aided by elongation factors by using the energy from GTP hydrolysis.
3. termination - translation ends when stop codons enter the A site of the ribosome.
Elongation factors facilitate translational elongation from the formation of the first peptide bond to the formation of the last one.
Release factors allow the termination of translation by recognizing the termination codon in the mRNA sequence.
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