Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

1. Which of the following is essential for conversion of the O to the L state du

ID: 175414 • Letter: 1

Question

1. Which of the following is essential for conversion of the O to the L state during chemiosmosis?

2. Which of the following is essential for supply of ADP to the matrix and when knocked out genetically leads to a rise in ROS levels in muscle cells?

3. Which of the following requires transamination and when inhibited has NO effect on hyperglycemic induction of endothelial cell ROS generation?

4. Which of the following inhibits complex I of the ETS and increases ROS generation in hyperglycemic endothelial cells?

5. Which of the following inhibits complex II and eliminates ROS generation in response to hyperglycemia in endothelial cells?

6. Which of the following directly decreases ROS?

7. What relieves oxidative stress in hyperglycemic endothelial cells by supplying H + to complex II?

8. Which of the following increases ROS by backing up ETS at complex III?

ADP

TTFA

Antiporter

antimycinA

Rotenone

UCP

SOD

Malate/aspartate shuttle

ADP

TTFA

Antiporter

antimycinA

Rotenone

UCP

SOD

Malate/aspartate shuttle

Explanation / Answer

1. ADP is essential for conversion of the O to the L state during chemiosmosis

2. Antiporter is essential for supply of ADP to the matrix and when knocked out genetically leads to a rise in ROS levels in muscle cells

3. Malate/aspartate shuttle requires transamination and when inhibited has NO effect on hyperglycemic induction of endothelial cell ROS generation

4. Rotenone inhibits complex of electron transport system at NADH dehydrogenase and prevent NADH oxidation and increases ROS generation.

5. TTFA inhibits complex II and eliminates ROS generation.

6. ADP directly decreases ROS.

7. Uncoupling proteins (UCP) relieves oxidative stress by supplying H+ to complex II.

8. Antimycin A increases ROS by backing up ETS at complex III.