i need the correct answers for these mcqs virus that causes AIDs,is transmitted

Question

i need the correct answers for these mcqs

virus that causes AIDs,is transmitted by: A ghing B. snoezing. C-sharing bodily fluids such semen or blood. 2. The mucosal and acidi nanure of some bodily oriloos, such as the mouth and vagina. that Peevents bacteria fomenlering the body. unl killer cell c lymphocyte D barrier 3 Which of the following are nonspecific defenses ofthe immune system? Choose al that apply. c interferon helpful a popul ndividual? the BEST A. Population because the more uc share the pathogens, the more resistance we wi jority ofthe vaccinated, then number of pathosms around decrease. C Individuals, because they serve as the host for the pathogen if the vaccines only prevesta small group fiom getting sick, then here greater probability of passing thogr ne m to others. order for vibrio cholerae to affect the body, a series or circumstances lustoccur. Identify A. Cholera binds thal the relent water B. The membrane of the pathos en must attach to the cells and take up residence in the C. The baclerium etuit foretacyit that imbeds into the wall of 1he stontach. The barteri Cholera causes: c electrolytes

Explanation / Answer

C) sharing bodily fluids such as semen or blood-answer

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Answer: non specific barrier

interferons.---ANSWER

Inflammation---ANSWER

are examples of nonspecific cellular defences

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4.answer : option B

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5. answer : option A

CHLOR toxin binds to protein that controls the retenition or secretion of water

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One path for a life form to shield itself against intrusion is through obstructions that different the life form from its surroundings. Physical hindrances, for example, the skin and mucous films mechanically manage what enters the body. Emissions give insurance at the boundary too. Bodily fluid, for instance, can trap potential intruders. Additionally, skin emissions are somewhat acidic , repressing bacterial development. Many body discharges, (for example, bodily fluid, tears, and salivation) contain a protein called lysozyme that pulverizes microbes.

Proteins

There are proteins that secure the body nonspecifically. Supplement proteins are found in the blood. When they tie to a trespasser, they empower aggravation, phagocytosis , and annihilation of the intruder's layer. In spite of the fact that supplement proteins may tie to a trespasser specifically, they are best when they tie to antibodies that are appended to an intruder. Antibodies are a piece of the body's particular insusceptible reaction.

Some insusceptible cells and cells that are contaminated with infections deliver another arrangement of proteins called interferons . Interferons send a notice to close-by cells. They counteract contamination by empowering the generation of antiviral proteins. Interferons likewise invigorate regular executioner cells and macrophages.

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Cholera poison acts by the accompanying instrument: First, the B subunit ring of the cholera poison ties to GM1 gangliosides on the surface of target cells. The B subunit can likewise tie to cells lacking GM1. The poison then no doubt ties to different sorts of glycans joined to proteins rather than lipids Once bound, the whole poison complex is endocytosed by the cell and the cholera poison A1 (CTA1) chain is discharged by the lessening of a disulfide connect. The endosome is moved to the Golgi mechanical assembly, where the A1 protein is perceived by the endoplasmic reticulum escort, protein disulfide isomerase. The A1 chain is then unfurled and conveyed to the layer, where Ero1 triggers the arrival of the A1 protein by oxidation of protein disulfide isomerase complex. As the A1 protein moves from the ER into the cytoplasm by the Sec61 channel, it refolds and keeps away from deactivation as a consequence of ubiquitination.

CTA1 is without then to tie with a human accomplice protein called ADP-ribosylation figure 6 (Arf6); authoritative to Arf6 drives an adjustment fit as a fiddle of CTA1 which uncovered its dynamic site and empowers its synergist action. The CTA1 part catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of the Gs alpha subunit (Gs) proteins utilizing NAD. The ADP-ribosylation causes the Gs subunit to lose its synergist movement of inactivating GTP by hydrolyzing it to GDP + Pi, viably expanding GTP focus as less is being changed over back to inert GDP. Expanded Gs actuation prompts to expanded adenylate cyclase movement, which builds the intracellular grouping of 3',5'- cyclic AMP (cAMP) to more than 100-crease over typical and over-enacts cytosolic PKA. These dynamic PKA then phosphorylate the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance controller (CFTR) chloride channel proteins, which prompts to ATP-interceded efflux of chloride particles and prompts to discharge of H2O, Na+, K+, and HCO3 into the intestinal lumen. Also, the passage of Na+ and therefore the section of water into enterocytes are decreased. The joined impacts result in fast liquid misfortune from the digestive system, up to 2 liters for each hour, prompting to extreme parchedness and different variables connected with cholera, including a rice-water stool

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n amazingly uncommon cases, HIV has been transmitted by

Oral sex—putting the mouth on the fellatio), cunnilingus), or butt (rimming). When all is said in done, there's next to zero danger of getting HIV from oral sex. Yet, transmission of HIV, however amazingly uncommon, is hypothetically conceivable if a HIV-positive man discharges in his accomplice's mouth amid oral sex. To take in more about how to bring down your hazard, see Oral Sex and HIV Risk.

Getting blood transfusions, blood items, or organ/tissue transplants that are tainted with HIV. This was more normal in the early years of HIV, however now the hazard is to a great degree little due to thorough testing of the US blood supply and gave organs and tissues.

Eating sustenance that has been pre-bitten by a HIV-tainted individual. The pollution happens when tainted blood from a parental figure's mouth blends with sustenance while biting. The main known cases are among newborn children.

Being chomped by a man with HIV. Each of the little number of recorded cases has included extreme injury with broad tissue harm and the nearness of blood. There is no danger of transmission if the skin is not broken.

Contact between broken skin, wounds, or mucous films and HIV-tainted blood or blood-debased body liquids.

Profound, open-mouth kissing if both accomplices have injuries or draining gums and blood from the HIV-positive accomplice gets into the circulatory system of the HIV-negative accomplice. HIV is not spread through spit.

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