The term refers to: a. Global Analysis of the proteins produced in an organism.

Question

The term refers to: a. Global Analysis of the proteins produced in an organism. b. All of the mRNA transcribed at a given time. c. The genes that are expressed at a given time. d. None of the above. Techniques used to separate and study proteins include all of the following except: a. Isoelectric focusing b. Agarose gel electrophoresis c. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis d. Two-dimensional PAGE e. All of the above can be used to separate and study proteins. In order to separate proteins by size, one should a. Run acrylamide electrophoresis on crude extracts. b. Run agarose gel electrophoresis on crude extracts. c. Run cleavage reactions to remove all acetyl, phosphate, AMP or ADP-ribosyl groups prior to gel electrophoresis. d. Boil with sodium dodecyl sulfate to unfold and provide a uniform negative charge on the protein prior to gel electrophoresis. e. Proteins cannot be separated by size; they must be separated by charge. Scientist will identify specific proteins using western blots. Which of the following is the correct order of steps in performing this technique? a. Proteins are reacted with antibody, PAGE is run, proteins are blotted to nitrocellulose and the second antibody with enzyme reporter is applied. b. PAGE is run, proteins are blotted to nitrocellulose, then primary antibody is added followed by a secondary antibody with enzyme reporter. c. PAGE is run; primary antibody is added, followed by a secondary antibody with enzyme reporter. d. PAGE is run, proteins are blotted to nitrocellulose, and an antibody with a reporter enzyme is then added. MALDI is a mass spectrometry technique that allows very large molecules such as proteins to be analyzed. The best description of MALDI is: a. Liquid samples containing proteins are adhered to a metal bar. The protein is ionized and the ions detected by TOF. b. Proteins are dissolved in liquid, which is turned into droplets. After heating, the solvent evaporates and ions are released into the vacuum tube and detected by TOF. c. Proteins are embedded into 2-methoxycinnamic acid. Laser energy then causes proteins to lose ions, move through a vacuum, and be detected by TOF. d. None of the above describe MALDI. In which of the following ways can mass spectrometry be used to determine the sequence of large proteases? a. Protein in extracts are digested with proteases and then separated by SDS-PAGE. Individual peptides are sequenced by mass spectrometry and then the sequence is pieced back together.

Explanation / Answer

Please find the answers below:

Part 1: Choice a (Proteomics is defined as the study of all the translational and post-translations protein syntesized by an organisms and its function in the body)

Part 2: Choice b (Agarose gel electrophoresis is used to resolve nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA whereas rest of the techniques are specific to proteins)

Part 3: Choice d (SDS PAGE is the technique in which proteins are heated to achieve their primary structure and provided a uniform negative charge on all of them. This causes them to have similar charge and thus separation takes place on the basis of their mass only)

Part 4: Choice b (In PAGE or SDS PAGE, firstly, the proteinsare resolved on a gel which are then transferred on PVDF or nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking in buffer, the membrane is incubated sequentially with primary and secondary antibodies and finally developed with reporter enzyme such as DAB or HRP)

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