Question 3. a) Describe the origin of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks

Question

Question 3. a) Describe the origin of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks (i.e. Rock (10 marks) Cycle) and give an example of each. b) Name and describe the main weathering processes by which soil is formed (8 marks) c) A range of PSD curves are presented in Figure Q3. Describe and classify the soil represented by curves A, B and D. 90 80 70 o 50 G 40 30 20 10 Fine Medium Coarse Fine Medium Coarse Fine Medium Coarse 10 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 Particle size (mm) Figure Q3 (7 marks) Total (marks 25) 4 CTR 08106 May Diet 2015/16

Explanation / Answer

Igneous: Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state.the rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusiv.

Extrusiv: solidify from molten material that flows over the earth's surface(lava). extrusive igneous typically have a fine-grained texture becouse the lava cools rapidly when exposed to the atmosphere.example- basalt,esiteand, and rhyolite

Intrusive:solodify from molten material that flow underground.these rocks usually have a coarse texture.example- granite,diorite,

Sedimentry:wind,water,ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment.over a period spanning hundrede of millions of years,oceans,rivers,and great deserts covered and deposited sediment that has lithified into sedimentry rocks.example-shale,sandstone,limestone,and conglomerate

metamorphic:Any type of rocks has been altered by heat,pressure,and chemical action of fluids and gases.metamorphic rocks structure is either foliated or nonfolited

foliated- slate,phyllite,schist,and gneiss

nonfoliated- Quartzite and marble.

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