analyze the effect that soil characteristics and building loads have on foundati
ID: 1732574 • Letter: A
Question
analyze the effect that soil characteristics and building loads have on foundation design and construction. Specifically, address the following in a 300- to 500-word response:
Why is soil investigation important to the design of a foundation?
How do soil characteristics and building loads impact the design of a foundation?
Refer to the sample boring log in Figure 11.5 on page 209 in your Building Construction textbook. What information does this log provide to you about the building in this example?
LOG OF BORING NO. B-01 Project Description: ABC Building, POR Street, XYZ City Location: T Approx. Surface Elevation: See Plan of Borings, Plate 2 ATERIAL DESCRIPTION with sand and CLAY, brown, hard, calcareous nodules -- 3051. 18 1.33713 4.5 SANDY CLAY, light yellow-brown, hard, with calcareous nodules, iron nodules 10 114 4.5 4.5 SILTY CLAY, ight yellow-brown, hard, with silty seams 42 35 7 81 10 23 48 10 SHALY CLAY with sand, light brown and gray, hard, with calcareous nodules 15 16.C -OLAYEYSAND,light brown, very dense with shaly clay seams 50/ 40 9 20 25 30 50/ 312" ¥ Water level 35 50/ 3%" 40 SAND, gray, very dense 50 45 50/ 50 Completion Depth: Date Boring Started: Date Boring Completed: Logged by: Project No.: 50 ft. 12/1/05 12/1/05 B. Garnett 63810 Remarks: Groundwater seepage occurred at 35 feet during drilling. IGURE 21.5 A typical boring log. Courtesy of Kleinfelder, Fort Worth, Texas. (See "Principles in Practice" at the end of this chapter fora xplanation of some of the terms used in this log.) stockpiled on the site for subsequent use. Unneeded material is removed from dhe appropriate disposal. Excavations are generally classified ments, and the grading of the ground. Excavated material required for backfillExplanation / Answer
1. All foundations rest on soil which is deformable material. Foundation resting on soil if not designed properly considering properties of soil underneath, foundation may fail in shearing (collapse condition) or settle excessively which can create serviceability issue. In some cases, we may select wrong type of foundation of we do not know soil below foundation. This may result in unnecessary cost or safety issues. To avoid these types of problems, it is very essential to know soil below foundation, which can be achieved through Soil Investigation report.
2. As building loads increases, contact pressure to be supported by soil increase which can be achieved by increasing sizes of foundation. In some cases, increasing foundation size may not be sufficient and alternatively we may need to consider deep foundation such as pile foundation.
If soil is weak, we will require large size isolated foundation or raft foundation or pile foundation. If soil is good, small size isolated foundations may be sufficient.
c) From above borelog, it's clear that top 3 feet is not very good clay to rest foundation with medium to high plasticity.Preferably, foundation should be rested at 6 feet depth below ground level. Isolated foundation type is suitable and economical option and no need of deep foundation. Water table is deep and consolidation settlement should not be issue.
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