Hello would you answer this question in like two pages. you dont have to be righ

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Hello would you answer this question in like two pages. you dont have to be right as long as you type it in two pages. You can have 24 hour to finish this question so you would have more time.Please please type your answer so I can copy it to the Word document Thank you!

rO TOr ie publi? forum 3. Considering the life cycle cited in the narrative, how can that be used in selecting a pavement type? How does a focus on initial vs. life-cycle costs affect the choice between asphalt and concrete pavements? Which pavement choice is made for the different types of road in your community?

Explanation / Answer

Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA):

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method to determine the most cost-effective option among different amounts of investment and yield various levels of benefits. Life cycle cost analysis can be employed to compare the alternatives on an even playing field.

This LCCA technique was implemented to find best pavement type only when all pavement types performed well and there are no other dominant factors to select, but have different initial and operating costs.

LCCA considers all of the benefits and costs associated with different project alternatives over the Design life time. Different costs which are analysed through LCCA are:

NPV ( Net Profit Value) was calculated.

This analysis was done for all considering pavements and the best benefiting type was selected depending upon the amount compared with other pavements. The pavement with highest NPV was most benefiting.

INITIAL COST vs LIFE CYCLE COST:

Initial cost was the cost which was invested at time of commencement of project, this cost will be depending upon different factors for different pavements. For example, a higher initial cost project may have a more attractive maintenance cost ( i.e low cost), selecting it may mean that fewer projects get completed with best cost benefiting with in stipulated time.

It is realistic to consider the initial cost both by itself and as part of the life-cycle cost analysis. And We need to examine the short-term implications of expenditures as well as the long-term impact of pavement type decisions.

For Rigid pavements initial cost may be high and rehabilitation cost will low, sometime there will no rehabilitation cost. But, for Flexible pavements initial cost was less but rehabilitation cost will be more when compared to rigid pavement.

Selection of Pavement:

Pavement selection involves many factors,such as soil type, climate, traffic volume, life cycle, construct ability, and cost. As we are discussing about Life cycle cost analysis, we assume that all other factors are same for all types of pavements then we go for LCCA analysis:

Initial Cost:

To conduct an LCCA for comparing pavement alternatives, the initial cost is a major percentage of the analysis period. We need to find the Initial costs for all pavements by estimating the raw material cost, equipment cost, labour cost etc., or as per the bid records of recent construction projects.

Rehabilitation Costs:

For all pavement options, the initial pavement life is designed to support traffic for its design life. At the end of the design life period, the pavement must be rehabilitated.

Maintenance Costs:

All pavement types require preventive and corrective maintenance during their service life. The timing and extent of these activities vary from year to year.General reactive type of maintenance effects cost analysis.

Salvage Cost:

This is nothing but estimating that how pavement will continue to serve beyond the end of the analysis period. This is also called as remaining service life.

By calculating all above costs and substituting in LCCA analysis for different possibilities of different type of pavements that can serve in my community with comparing benefits over the same lifetime, the alternative with the lowest LCC is usually preferred.

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