Lymph nodes, dendritic cells (DC), and adaptive immune responses. A. Briefly des
ID: 172169 • Letter: L
Question
Lymph nodes, dendritic cells (DC), and adaptive immune responses. A. Briefly describe how dendritic cells (DC) stimulate a specific, adaptive immune response to a bacterium like S. pneumonia.? What signals activate DC and induce DC migration? in what vessels to DC migrate to draining lymph nodes (LN)? What kinds of cells does DC interact within the LN? Label the diagram below as part of your answer: How does lymph node (LN) anatomic architecture facilitate DC interactions with adaptive immune cells? What kind of antigens do DC present by different major complex (MHC) antigen (Ag) presentation pathways, and what kinds of lymphocytes do they interact with?Explanation / Answer
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cell(known as accessory cells) of the mammalian immune system. Their function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells main of the immune system. They act as messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Streptococcus pneumoniae, a commonly carried asymptomatic member of the human nasopharyngeal microflora, can cause invasive and inflammatory diseases and the cholesterol-dependent cytotoxin pneumolysin is a major pneumococcal virulence factor implicated in compounding tissue damage and mediating inflammatory responses. haemolytic pneumolysin inhibits human DC maturation, induction of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of the inflammasome. Furthermore, intracellular production of pneumolysin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in infected DCs. Similarly, clinical isolates with non-haemolytic pneumolysin were more proinflammatory and caused less apoptosis compared to clonally related strains with active pneumolysin. Dendritic cells are potent antigen presenting cellwith the uniqe t cell response.dendritic cell must migrate frominflamed or injured peripheral tissue to the closest draining lymph nodes through affrent lymphatic vessel The epidermis, LCs must cross the basement membrane and move through connective tissue until they reach a lymph vessel, which they enter to travel further to the draining Lymph node. Proteinases are, therefore, important for DC migration, particularly when these cells must pass relatively solid tissues such as basement membranes. Lymph node is small bean shaped gland throughout the body they are the pat of lymph system.
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