True or False For circular pipes, the process of designing a sewer pipe involves
ID: 1714405 • Letter: T
Question
True or False
For circular pipes, the process of designing a sewer pipe involves specifying the pipe diameter and slope, where Suberitical mild. open channel flow is controled by downstream conditions if and only if the channel is hydraulically -In any pipe network, the algebraic sum of head losses along a path equals zero. In open channel flow, normal depth, yn. varies with flow rate, channel geometry, channel slope, an th slope. roughness. On the other hand, ye varies only with flow rate, roughness, and channel geometry, and not w For this reason, in channels with spatially invariant geometry and roughness, if the slope decreases (becomes flatter) the normal depth will increase, but the critical depth will remain the same. In a system of parallel pipes, the frictional head loss is the same along all pipes even when the flow rates are not equal. Culverts operate under inlet or outlet control. Under outlet control, either the condition (e.g., depth of water) at the pipe outlet or the capacity of the pipe barrel regulates the discharge through the culvert. Under inlet control, the inlet capacity, i.e., how much water the inlet can pass subject to headwater depth, regulates the discharge through the culvert. Under inlet control, the pipe barrel can carry whatever discharge passes the inlet. pipe network (water distribution system) is an interconnected set of pipes linking one or more sources to one or more demand (delivery) points, and can involve any number of pipes in series, branching pipes, and parallel pipes In any pipe network, the flow into any junction must equal the flow out of it. This is known as loop continuity When performing flow profile analysis for a backwater curve, regardless of whether the channel is hydraulically mild or steep, calculations always proceed in the upstream direction. Open channel slopes are classified as hydraulically steep or mild based on a comparison of the critical and normal depths of flow. If ye y, the channel is classified as hydraulically steep, because uniform flow would be supercritical A rigid pipe can support the soil overburden and surface dead and live loads without deforming or bending. On the other hand, a flexible pipe deforms, i.e., changes shape, and/or bends longitudinally to transmit overburden and surface and dead loads to the surrounding soil. The most common rigid pipes are concrete and the most common flexible pipes are corrugated metal, plastic, and high-density polyethylene. The Darcy-Weisbach equation uses the friction factor, f, which varies with pipe material and, depending on the magnitude of the Reynolds number, with flow rate. At low Reynolds NR2,000), the flow is laminar and f varies only with flow rate. At intermediate values, f varies with flow rate and pipe material, and at high Reynolds number, f varies only with pipe material. The high Reynolds numbers correspond to fully turbulent flow and the intermediate values correspond to developing, or incomplete, turbulence. In any pipe network, the energy balance along a pipe or series of pipes must satisfy the conservation of energy principle as stated by the Bernoulli equation. Energy loss in any pipe or series of pipes is due to pipe friction and minor losses. For the case of pressure pipe flow, the HGL is above the top of the pipe as long as the pressure is positive [o). If the pressure becomes negative [Explanation / Answer
3) According to hardy cross method, algebraic sum of head losses about junction is equal to zero.
Therefore, It is True
5) If pipes are parallel,
the head loss due to friction is same in all pipes. But the total rate of flow is sum of discharge in each pipe.
Therefore, It is True.
8) In Hardycross pipe network,the assumptions are:
From continuity equation, Inflow=Outflow. That is, the flow into any junction is equal to flow out of it.
Therefore, it is True.
10) The channel slopes will classify by comparing the critical depth and normal depth.
If yc>yn, then the channel is steep sloped channel.
Therefore, it is True.
12) The Darcy-weisbach equation is used to estimate the head loss due to friction.
if Re<2000, the friction factor depends on flow rate only.
if 2000<Re<10000, friction factor depends on flow rate and pipe material
if Re>10000, friction factor depends only on pipe material.
Therefore, it is True.
9) To calculate the water surface profile, the calculations starts from downstream towards upstream.
Therefore, it is True.
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