Write a 1-2 page summary about the grades given for the condition of the US wate

Question

Write a 1-2 page summary about the grades given for the condition of the US water and wastewater infrastructure. Why were those grades given, what are the problems (give examples), what needs to be done, and what type of investment is needed to improve the scores? (See "Assignments" section to upload to Bb).
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Explanation / Answer

The grade given to US water and wastewater infrastructure is D-. Most public water and wastewater systems are owned and operated by local or regional government agencies. Of all the infrastructure types, water is the
most fundamental to life, and is irreplaceable for drinking, cooking, and bathing. The delivery of water in the United
States is decentralized and strained. Nearly 170,000 public drinking-water systems are located across the U.S. Of these systems, 54,000 are community water systems that collectively serve more than 264 million people. The remaining 114,000 are non-community water systems, such as those for campgrounds and schools. Significantly, more than half of public drinkingwater systems serve fewer than 500 people.

Problems :

Although new pipes are being added to expand service areas, drinking-water systems degrade over time, with the useful life of component parts ranging from 15 to 95 years. Particularly in the country’s older cities, much
of the drinking-water infrastructure is old and in need of replacement. Failures in drinking-water infrastructure can result in water disruptions, impediments to emergency response, and damage to other types of essential infrastructure. In extreme situations caused by failing infrastructure or drought, water shortages may result in
unsanitary conditions, increasing the likelihood of public health issues. The United States has far fewer public wastewater systems than drinking-water systems approximately 14,780 wastewater treatment facilities and 19,739 wastewater pipe systems as of 2008. Although access to centralized treatment systems is widespread, the condition of many of these systems is also poor, with aging pipes and inadequate capacity leading to the discharge of an estimated 900 billion gallonsof untreated sewage each year. This can create a large number of diseases specially water brone diseases like diarrohea , cholera etc. Water infrastructure in the United States is clearly aging, and investment is not able to keep up with the need. This is the reason D- grade is given to US water and Wastewater infrastructure.

Things need to be done- To overcome the situation we need to build new infrastructure as well as maintain or rebuild the existing one. New technologies such as water-efficient toilets that use one-third of the water of older toilets should be used. New technologies and approaches may reduce future water infrastructure needs. For example, many cities have recently adopted green infrastructure approaches to wet weather overflow management. Green roofs, grassy swales, and rain gardens are used to capture and reuse rain to mimic natural water systems.Such techniques often provide financial savings to communities

Investment Needed : As it is a huge project initiative is needed from both sides the government , the private sector as well as the local people. The government needs to buid new infrastructure, maintain the old one as well as repair the exisiting one. To upgrade the infrastructure the US government need at least 1 trillion, it could be only possible if private sector is included in it. Checking and audit should be done on regular basis. The pepole should use water judicialy and make most use of it.

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