How are pressures while drilling controlled? a. Maintain mud hydrostatic pressur

Question

How are pressures while drilling controlled? a. Maintain mud hydrostatic pressure at the well bottom slightly lower than formation pressure b. Maintain mud hydrostatic pressure at the well bottom slightly higher than formation pressure c. Maintain mud hydrostatic pressure at the well bottom by a factor of 10 higher than formation pressure d. None of the above Give an estimate for formation pressure in an offshore frontier area at 12000 ft below sea level where the water depth is 4000 ft? a. 12000 psi b. 9732 psi c. 5196 psi d. None of the above What is done when a kick occurs during drilling? a. Rate of penetration is increased to progress rapidly beyond abnormal pressure b. Drilling is stopped and mud pit volume is monitored c. The well is killed by activating the blowout preventer d. none of the above

Explanation / Answer

14. (b) It must be slightly higher than the formation pressure, so as to avoid the kick.

Kick occurs when formation pressure is greater than the mud hydrostatic pressure, and can be catastrophic. So as to avoid it, the mud pressure must be slightly greater.

16. (c) The well is killed by activating the blowout preventer.

Kicks have the potential to lead a potentially catastrophic event known as a 'blowout'. In addition to controlling the downhole pressure and the flow of oil and gas, blowout preventers are intended to prevent tubing (e.g. drill pipe and well casing), tools and drilling fluid from being blown out of the wellbore

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