-Steady flow is flow that does not change with time at a point (cross-section) a
ID: 1710063 • Letter: #
Question
-Steady flow is flow that does not change with time at a point (cross-section) along a channel. Uniform flow is flow that does not change in space along a channel. A necessary condition for uniform flow is a prismatic channel, which is a channel with constant cross-sectional geometry and dimensions, roughness, and slope throughout the reach of interest. Uniform flow is a general control the open channel system attempts to reach with forces in equilibrium. -In any pipe network, when the proper distribution of flows in each pipe has been achieved, the head losses around any closed (primary) loop algebraically sum to zero, and along any path, the head losses sum to the difference between pressure heads at the upstream and downstream end of the path. -Water flows downhill, meaning it flows from a region with higher EGL (region A) to a region of lower EGL (region B), even though region B may be at higher elevation with respect to mean sea level (z term in the modified Bernoulli equation). -Two equal pumps operating is series will double the discharge. Two equal pumps operating in parallel will double the pressure. -The total energy at a point in a pressurized pipe flow or open channel flow system is represented by the energy grade line (EGL). which is equal to the sum of potential energy, flow-work energy, and kinetic energy. In the form of the modified Bernoulli equation, these energy terms arc written in head units, that is. potential energy is expressed as pressure head, flow-work energy is expressed as elevation head, and kinetic energy is expressed as velocity head. -Given an S2 flow profile, the specific energy decreases in the upstream direction (direction of flow). -Fundamentally, the operation of a centrifugal pump has the fluid entering at the eye of the impeller and being accelerated outward by the vanes of the rotating impeller, which increases the kinetic energy of the liquid. As the liquid exits the pump through the casing, the velocity decreases, converting kinetic energy (velocity head) to flow-work energy (pressure head). For a pump connecting equal diameter pipes, its net effect is to increase pressure in the pipeline. -The purpose of a pump is to increase the energy (EGL) to a level sufficient to overcome downstream static and dynamic lift terms at the design discharge.Explanation / Answer
(1)..TRUE
Reason. For Uniform flow channel must be prismatic because flow does does not change along the channel..
(2)..TRUE
Reason:- According to Hardy cross Method head loss will be zero in any closed loop.
(3). TRUE.
Reason: Flow takes from higher Energy level to lower energy level.
(4)..FALSE
(5).TRUE
Reason: according to Bernoulli's sum of pressure head , kinetic head and Datum head will be constt.
(6)..TRUE
Reason: In upstream normal depth is less than other depth ( Yc And Y)
(7).TRUE
(8). TRUE
Reason: The objective of a pupm is to increase the Energy level of the downstram section..
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