The capacity to know that something still exists after it cannot be perceived by

Question

The capacity to know that something still exists after it cannot be perceived by the senses is known specifically as:

Select one:

a. cognitive adaptation

b. object permanence

c. transitive inference

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Boster and d’Andrade (1989) had professional ornithologists and naive bird observers organize museum specimens of stuffed birds. What did they find?

Select one:

a. only the ornithologists showed evidence of typicality in their organization

c. the naive observers showed evidence of hierarchical organization; the ornithologists did not

d. both groups of participants showed evidence of typicality in their organization

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Which animals are capable of solving transitive inference problems?

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a. ants, spiders, and shrews

b. hippos, zebra, and lions

d. squirrels, pigeons, and rats

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What is the best explanation for the question above?

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a. just loss aversion

b. just framing effects

c. loss aversion and framing effects

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Which animals have the largest brain size as measured by the cephalization index?

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b. humans and whales

c. humans and chimps

d. elephants and whales

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Which of the following is not a universal commonality of language?

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a. distinctiveness

b. meaningfulness

d. the ability to produce new meanings

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What brain area is most closely associated with cognition?

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a. the paleocortex

b. the neocortex

d. the hindbrain

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Sam sees a brand new car that he would love to buy, but then he starts thinking about how much money he has already put into the car he currently owns. He just paid $700 to have the radiator in his car fixeD. Ultimately, he decides to not buy the new car. What principle best explains Sam’s decision?

Select one:

a. mental accounting

c. the endowment effect

d. framing effects

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The belief that the probability of an event is influenced by its past history is known as

Select one:

a. the base rate fallacy

b. the conjunction fallacy

c. the gambler’s fallacy

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You are pubic health official working out a state policy for a flu epidemiC. There are two choices. In program A 250 people will be saveD. In program B there is a one-fourth probability that 1,000 people will be saveD. What program do you, and most people given this choice, prefer?

Select one:

a. program B

b. program A

d. you refuse to decide

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In option A you can buy a $100 microwave for $90 by walking five blocks. Alternatively, under option B you can buy a $1,000 laptop for $990 by walking the same five blocks. Which of these two options do most people prefer?

Select one:

a. option B

c. both options will be rejected

d. option A

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Janet receives $100 with the stipulation that she must split it any way she wants with her friend Evelyn. What is the smallest amount of money Evelyn must receive such that she will judge the transaction to be fair and not reject the offer?

Select one:

a. $40

c. $20

d. $10

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Arachnophobia is an example of a:

Select one:

a. general-purpose processor

b. ecological niche

c. stimulus enhancement

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Why, according to Pinker (1997), do we succumb to the gambler’s fallacy?

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b. because in nature, the past is often the best predictor of the future

c. because natural events have regular time courses and shared causes

d. all of the above

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An individual’s visual map activity and auditory map activity are independent of each other

Select one:

b. False

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What heuristic best explains decision making in the example above?

Select one:

b. framing effects

c. mental accounting

d. loss aversion

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Cosmides and Tooby (1992) refer to the brain as a “Swiss army knife.” This belief is most consistent with what approach?

Select one:

b. The cognitive psychology approach

c. The contextual approach

d. The evolutionary approach

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Which of the following is a problem of the comparative approach?

Select one:

a. different studies utilize different methodologies

b. attributing human-like characteristics to animals

d. all of the above are problems

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Which of the following statements is true?

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a. regulatory development governs non-cortical brain development, while mosaic development is the norm for the growth of cortical abilities in humans

c. both mosaic and regulatory development govern non-cortical brain development equally

d. both mosaic and regulatory development govern the growth of cortical abilities equally

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The process by which some attributes help species survival under new conditions is known as ___________

Select one:

a. selection

c. variation

d. mutation

Explanation / Answer

The process by which some attributes help species survival under new conditions is known as __mutation__

answer is mutation as when there are drastic conditions like organism which is unable to survive in high saline concentration will have some mutaions in its DNA so that the organism will start surviving in high salt concentration.

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