1. What are the recommend increases in kcal/day in the second and third trimeste
ID: 170308 • Letter: 1
Question
1. What are the recommend increases in kcal/day in the second and third trimester?
2. How many grams of protein per day should a pregnant woman eat more than non-pregnant woman?
3. Name six reasons for this increased need of protein.
4. Name two minerals that are vital and difficult to obtain in pregnancy. Name at least two good natural sources for each.
5. What will low folate do to a fetus? Name 2 conditions. Name two natural sources besides fortified products.
6. Vitamin D is important for what part of the fetus development? Besides fortified milk and supplements, where else, from a non-food source, can a person get vitamin D?
7. What is the average weight gain for an entire pregnancy?
8. What is pica and what does it signify?
9. What is IUGR? Name 3 risk factors for it. Name 3 adult diseases that IUGR increases your risk for?
10. What is colostrum? What is special about it?
11. How many kcal/day extra does a breast-feeding mother need?
12. What’s the BMI of an individual who weighs 78 pounds and is 42 inches tall? What category would the person fall into? Show your work.
13. Compared to an adult, a child needs more or less per kg of? Water, protein, calories.
14. In what stage of life does a female have the most calcium absorption?
15. What role does Vitamin K have and why are infants given it?
16. What is the age appropriate time to start solid food? Whole milk?
17. Name 4 physical changes of aging that affects nutrition in the elderly.
18. The basal metabolic rate declines an average of what percent per decade?
19. What is the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis? What is the recommend daily allowance for calcium and vitamin D?
20. What are the possible complications of the following medications as it relates to nutrition? Opiates, NSAIDS, antidepressants.
21. What does the Mini Nutritional Assessment detect in the elderly?
22. What is the national standard recommendation for protein in the elderly?
23. A female patient comes to you asking for advice. She is trying to conceive her first pregnancy. What advice would you give her? Habits to avoid, food to eat, etc. This question is worth 8 points. Your answer should be at least 2 paragraphs and include at least 4 major points of advice.
Explanation / Answer
1. During the second trimester an extra of 300-350 calories/day should be consumed. During the third trimester an exra of 500 calories/day should be consumed.
2. normal protein reqirement for a pregnent female is 65g/day while that for a nonpregmant female is 48g/day.Therefore a pregnant female should consume 17g extra proteins per day.
3. Protein is the most important nutrient that influences birth weight.Proteins are needed for proper growth of fetal tissue including brain.Proteins are also required for breast and uterine tissue growth during pregancy.Proteins help in increasing blood supply so that more blood can be supplied to the baby.Proteins are required for development of amniotic fluid.Proteins are required for increased storage reserves that are needed during labor,delivery and lactation.
4. Iron and calcium are two vital minerals needed during pregnancy. Iron is present in red meat,fish,chicken,green leafy vegetables.Calcium is present in milk,cheese,yoghurt,legumes.
5. Anencephaly and spinal bifida are two birth defects associated with low folate levels.natural souces of folate are green leafy vegetables,fruits such as berries,bananas.
6. Vitamin D is required for development of babies bones and teeth.Non food source of vitamin D is sunlight.
7. A female can gain an average of 25-30 pounds during pregnancy.
8. pica is an eating disorder characterized by eating of substances with no nutritional value such as dirt ,paint,soil.
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