For each cell in the table, indicate which mapping approach (or approaches) is b

Question

For each cell in the table, indicate which mapping approach (or approaches) is best to use to study that type of complex disease in humans. genome wide association study (GWAS) in a population testcross whole genome sequencing QTL mapping with recombinant inbred lines DIRAS3 is a tumor suppressor. Mutations in DIRAS3 increase the risk of ovarian and breast cancer when inherited from a father but have no effect when inherited from a mother. What explains this inheritance pattern? Drosophila have social behaviors. You are studying the effects of alleles for the A and B genes on the number of physical contacts a fly has with other flies every hour. Based on the data in this table, how would you characterize the interaction of the A and B gene alleles? (Circle the best answer) Only B alleles have an effect. A alleles have no effect. A and B alleles each have additive effects. A and B appear to be in the same pathway as evidenced by a pathway epistatic relationship. There is an interaction between A and B alleles that is not pathway epistasis.

Explanation / Answer

19.

20. The inheritance pattern related to the mutated DIRAS3 is related to genomic imprinting (silencing) type of inheritence mechanism. As this gene is paternally (from father) expressed and maternally (from mother) is silenced located on chromosome 1. A mutated DIRAS3 gene will act in reduced expression levels resulting in ovarian and breast cancer, conferring that this gene is a tumor suppressor gene. If a person aquires both the genes from mother then that person has high risk of ovarian and breast cancer.

21. This question is about epistasis which means A and B alleles are interactive between a loci. If the interaction occurs within a loci it is referred to as dominance. If there is no interaction either withing a loci or between a loci then it is additive effect. But in general all the genes interact with all/some of the other genes within a genome.

i. Only B alleles have an effect, A alleles have no effect - Aabb - 54 contacts per hour

ii. A and B alleles each have additive effects - AaBb - 92 contacts per hour

iii. A and B alleles are in a pathway epistasis - aaBb - 54 contact per hour

iv. A and B alleles interact that are not in pathway epistasis - aabb - 54 contacts per hour

Common Disease Rare Disease High Fertility (a) iv (b) ii Low Fertility (c) i (d) iii

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