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Please help me answering these questions. Thank you in advance. Proteins synthes

ID: 167719 • Letter: P

Question

Please help me answering these questions. Thank you in advance.

Proteins synthesized into the ER lumen can be found in which cellular compartments?

The ER lumen, peroxisomes, secretory vesicles, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus

The ER lumen, peroxisomes, secretory vesicles, endosomes, Golgi apparatus

Peroxisomes, secretory vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus

The ER lumen, secretory vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus

The ER lumen, peroxisomes, secretory vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes

Proteins found in the lumen of the ER are:

Translated in the ER with ER-specific ribosomes, as in mitochondria and plastids.

Imported into the ER lumen as with proteins found in mitochondria, plastids, and peroxisomes.

Synthesized by ribosomes permanently attached to the RER.

Synthesized by ribosomes that attach to the RER once a signal recognition particle binds to the N-terminus of a newly translated protein.

a and b.

Soluble proteins within the lumen of the ER are directed to their destination through the actions of which of the following?

COPI-, COPII-, and clathrin-coated vesicles

Membrane-spanning receptor proteins that bind soluble proteins within the Golgi apparatus

The interactions of v-SNARES and t-SNARES

All of the above

None of above

The presence of misfolded proteins within the lumen of the ER induces which of the following?

The cessation of protein synthesis until newly transcribed mRNA is produced

The hydrolysis of the misfolded proteins in proteasomes

An up-regulation in the synthesis of chaperones

a, b, and c

b and c

a.

The ER lumen, peroxisomes, secretory vesicles, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus

b.

The ER lumen, peroxisomes, secretory vesicles, endosomes, Golgi apparatus

c.

Peroxisomes, secretory vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus

d.

The ER lumen, secretory vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus

e.

The ER lumen, peroxisomes, secretory vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes

Explanation / Answer

1. The proteins found in ER lumen can be found in ER lumen itself. Also, they are transported to membrane through secretory vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes, golgi apparatus. So, Option d is the correct answer.

2. Option d is the correct answer. Proteins found in the lumen of ER is synthesized by ribosomes that attach to the RER once a signal recognition particle binds to the N-terminus of a newly translated protein.

3. The soluble proteins within the lumen of ER are directed to its destination by binding with a membrane-spanning receptor within the golgi apparatus. option b is the correct answer.

4. The UPR is activated in response to an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. In this scenario, the UPR has three aims: initially to restore normal function of the cell by halting protein translation, degrading misfolded proteins, and activating the signaling pathways that lead to increasing the production of molecular chaperones involved in protein folding. If these objectives are not achieved within a certain time span or the disruption is prolonged, the UPR aims towards apoptosis. Option d is correct.

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