HI , I need the answer with details to his case study PlEASE dont responed if yo
ID: 167365 • Letter: H
Question
HI , I need the answer with details to his case study PlEASE dont responed if you dont know all the answer .
Samuel Dexter is a 52 year-old African-American man who is both a husband and father. He is moderately obese (BMI of 32), and has smoked two packs of cigarettes a day for the past 38 years. He awakes one morning with weakness on his right side. He is a bit confused, sees double, and his speech is slurred. When he attempts to walk to the bathroom, he stumbles a few times and falls once. His wife suspects that he has su ered a stroke and calls 911. Emergency personnel arrive within minutes of her call and transport Samuel to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.
Upon examination by the emergency room physician, Samuel is found to have right hemiparesis and diminished pinprick and two-point discrimination on the right side of his head and arm. His deep tendon re exes are brisk on the right and there is a positive Babinski re ex on the right. He has di culty articulating answers to the questions he is asked, speaking only a few words and frequently responding with just a verb or a noun. His ability to respond to complicated verbal commands, whether spoken or written, is not impaired. In addition, his systemic blood pressure was found to be 160/100 A serum lipid pro le was performed and the results are shown in the table below.
Table 1. Serum Lipid Pro le Results
Triglycerides 220 mg/dl
Total Cholesterol 280 mg/dl
LDL 210 mg/dl
HDL 30 mg/dl
Questions
1-Dene the terms ischemia and infarction.
2. What is a stroke? Describe the mechanism(s) by which strokes occur.
3- Dene the term collateral blood ow, and describe how this and other factors a ect the
development of stroke.
4- List the risk factors that predispose an individual to su er a stroke. What are the ve warning signs that indicate an individual is having a stroke? Which of the risk factors and warning signs did Mr. Dexter possess based on the clinical history?
5- What are Brodman areas and how do they relate to the neurological de cits that occur as the result of stroke?
6- What is the functional relationship between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area?
7. Dene the terms ipsilateral and contralateral as they apply to the functionality of the central nervous system.
8. Explain the signi cance of the ndings of brisk deep tendon re exes and Babinski sign on the a ected side of Samuel’s body.
9. Based upon the historical and physical exam ndings, what speci c area(s) of Samuel’s brain have been damaged as the result of his stroke?
10. Describe the means by which individuals who survive a stroke regain at least part of their lost abilities.
Explanation / Answer
Q1. Ischemia: Inadequate blood supply to an organ caused due to blocked artery which causes shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism.
Infarction: Tissue death caused due to inadequate blood supply to the affected organ. It may be caused by artery blockages, rupture, mechanical compression or vasoconstriction.
Q2) stroke is medical emergency which results in death of brain cells when tbey are deprived of oxygen and nutrients due to insufficient supply of blood to brain.
Stroke results when brain cells do not get adequate blood supply. Blood supply may be reduced by blockages or narrowing of the arteries that provide blood to the brain, resulting in ischemia , severely reduced blood flow. Bockages are often caused by blood clots, which can form in the arteries connecting to the brain, Clots can be caused by fatty deposits within the arteries called plaque.
Another mechanism by which stroke occurs is by haemorrhage. Due to rupturing of blood vessel in brain, blood gets spilled in areas of brain that puts pressure of brain cells causing stroke.
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