1. Explain how steady state conditions are maintained using an example of the hu
ID: 165300 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Explain how steady state conditions are maintained using an example of the human body to guide your answer.
2. Explain how digestion and absorption in a gastrovascular cavity differs from digestion and absorption of nutrients in an alimentary canal.
3. How do vertebrate circulatory systems differ in structure and efficiency? Use the amphibian, fish, and mammal system for your comparison.
4. Describe the structure of the human heart; explain the movement of blood flow through the heart, lungs, and body. Your answer should be specific.
5. How does the direction of blood flow, blood pressure, total area, and flow velocity differ between arteries, capillaries, and veins? How is the variation adaptive?
6 Explain how innate immunity differs from adaptive immunity.
Explanation / Answer
Q1) Maintainance of steady state conditions within a system is called as homeostasis. In human body, Homeostasis is maintained by a complex series of organs and organ systems. Examples of homeostasis in human body include the regulation of the body temperature, the pH of its extracellular fluids, or the concentrations of sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) ions or of glucose in the blood plasma.
Different organ systems are involved in maintainibg steady state in the body. All the organ systems of the body work together to maintain homeostasis within the body. These organ systems include integumentary system, excretory system, endocrine system, circulatory system and nervous system, with endocrine system and nervous system playing a major role. environment. The proper functioning of the body requires all systems to work together and in proper condition.
Integumentaty system of our body provides us protection against pathogen and is involved in thermoregulation. When the body temperature rises above normal level, skin dissipates excess heat and cools off body by perspiration. Evaporation is also a means of cooling down the body temperature and getting rid of excess heat.
In the same way when level of sugar in the blood rises above normal level. This rise in blood sugar level provides a signal to pancreas which in turn releases hormone insulin from beta cells. This hormone converts excess amount of glucose into glycogen which gets stored in liver. When sugar level in blood falls (hypogycemia), hormone glycogen from alpha cells of pancreas is secreted which breaks down excess glycogen into glucose to maintain normal glucose level in the blood. These are some of the examples of maintainace of steady state in the body.
Another example of homeostasis in human body is regulation of body fluids (osmoregulation) in body. When water level falls in the body. Postrrior lobe of pituitary releases hormone vassopressin also called anti diuretic hormone. Tbis hormone incresses permeabilty of collecting tubule and collecting duct for water causing reabsorption of water in body. If water level increases in blood, secretion of antidiuretic hormone is inhibited . So collecting tubule and collecting duct are not permeable to water and excess water is removed from the body in the form of urine.
Homeostatic regulation is comprised of three parts: a receptor, a control center and an effector. The receptor functions by receiving information about any changes that are occurring in the environment while the control center processes that information and the effector executes the commands of the control center by making changes in response.
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