3. Does exercise cause a transient rise in BP? 4. Define hypertension. How does

Question

3. Does exercise cause a transient rise in BP? 4. Define hypertension. How does this differ from the transient increase in blood pressure caused by exercise? 5. During exercise, the cardiac output increases. This is due to heart rate and in stroke volume. MAKE THE CONNECTION 1. It is the spring of2016 and you are a nmner from Houston, Texas sea level who has (n come to Mexico City, Mexico (altitude 7349 feet above sea leve) to train for the Olympics Initially, how will the high altitude affect your performance? Describe the physiological changes that will help your body compensate. 2. In individuals with hypertension, a common symptom is edema, particularly in the lower extremities. Individuals with kwashiorkor, a condition caused by protein malnutrition, often present with a swollen abdomen (edema). What is edema? Explain why edema is a symptom for both hypertension and kwashiorkor.

Explanation / Answer

Ans.3) Exercise without proper guidance or trainer can cause temporary increase in blood pressure. Exercise generated an anti-inflammatory action via sympathetic nervous system which consequently affects the blood pressure.

4.) Hypertension is the systolic blood pressure (SBP). It is a condition, when SBP is of 140 mm Hg or higher and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is of 90 mm Hg or higher than that.

The transient increase in blood pressure is correlated to hypertension. But they are not same, as during the exercise the transitory increase of SBP is only for few minutes and it vanishes after sometime. But hypertension that is generally found in individuals is a tendency of high blood pressure.

5.) During exercise the cardiac output increases.This is due to to increased stroke volume and heart rate.

2.) Edema is basically swelling of body part due to inflammation. The swelling is caused by the fluid accumulation below the skin and in the small holes of the body which eventually causes intense pain also. Though, it appears anywhere in body but commonly observed in hands, arms, legs, feet. Medicines along with less salt diet frequently relieves edema.

Patients with hypertension are at higher risk of heart collapse, stroke, kidney damage etc. Heart failure reduces blood flow and as a result, body starts to accumulate the fluid to sustain sufficient blood volume. But the heart is unable to retain this extra fluid; it goes in the blood vessels and causes edema. Whereas in case of severe mal nutrition (kwashiorkor), edema is often caused due to protein deficiency. Hence, kwashiorkor is also called as edematous malnutrition. Hypoalbuminemia is another cause of it.

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