Read each of the following three biology student abstracts and write a title for

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Read each of the following three biology student abstracts and write a title for each. The Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant that uses acid growth of cells to close the trap and catch its prey. Once caught, digests and obtains nutrients not available in their habitat. The ideal habitat for a Venus flytrap is a bog with a pH range between 4 and 5. Since the plant is adapted to low pH environment and pH plays a role in the closure mechanism, we hypothesized that pH will affect the rate of closure of the "trap". In this study, the stems of the Venus flytraps wore placed in floral tubes and left to absorb three different pH solutions of 3, 5, and 7 for one hour. After absorption was complete, the traps were closed. Closure was captured with a video camera capturing at sixty frames per second. Analysis of the video showed that the speed of closure significantly increased as pH decreased (ANOVA). We suggest that increased hydrogen ions surrounding the trigger cells reduced the threshold to closure. Many studies claim various beneficial effects of red wine including enhancement of house mouse () immune cells and increase in human oral health. The goal of this experiment was to look at the effect red wine on oral bacterial colonies. Colonies of oral bacteria were obtained and grown in both broth and nutrient agar solutions. Once purified, 50pl of the bacterial solution was spread onto 28 Petri dishes, and filter paper disks submerged in either water, ethanol or Merlot red wine were placed on the agar. After forty-eight hours of incubation at a temperature of 37*C we examined the plates for inhibition around the paper disks. Only one wine-soaked disk produced a small zone of inhibition. These results indicate that neither the merlot nor the ethanol inhibit oral bacteria in vitro. Recent food borne bacterial outbreaks have shown that leafy vegetables may become infected with Escherichia coli when exposed to contaminated water. This study investigated the ability of E. coli to colonize lettuce plant tissue internally through its root system. Iceberg and Romaine lettuce plants were grown in plastic pots that wore placed in water inoculated with E. coli transformed to express green fluorescent protein and resistance. E. coli concentration in the water was 3.9 times 10s CFU middot mL^-1. Macerated lettuce samples were placed on Luria agar containing. Presence of E. coli was demonstrated by examination of the plates with UV light after 48 hours of incubation at 37*C. The results indicated that E. coli did not migrate through the roots and become entrapped within the lettuce plant tissue. The results of this study indicate that lettuce plants are not susceptible to internal infection when subjected to soil contaminated with low concentrations of E. coli. However, further research on the various routes of E. coli contamination in produce is necessary for the prevention of food borne infections.

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