stat analysis - say we have a list of data for isopods that ran at various speed

Question

stat analysis - say we have a list of data for isopods that ran at various speeds, of various lengths and # of dorsal plates. our teacher expects us to know p value and degree of freedom, how do we find this out. i know how to calculate the variance, t test, and standard deviation but how would we go about finding the p value and and determining to reject or whatever. do we have to have the p value chart with us or can we figure it out some other way because i don't think we'll be provided a chart on the exam

Explanation / Answer

Degrees of freedom is (total number of observation -1), or

if it is a contigency table then (no. of rows-1)*(no. of columns -1)

Pvalue: Statistical hypothesis testing make use of P values to conclude about rejection or not rejection of null hypothesis. One has to first decide about the test to perform as per the test statistics value P value is calculated.

Suppose you have performed a T- test and got the T- test statistics value , now look for that row which has that value corresponding your degrees of freedom.

Now find within which data values your statistical value falls in , this gives you the range of P value.

e.g : df=7, statistical value of t=2.54 form the table 0.01 < p-value < 0.025
There is no direct method of calculation of P value.The thresold value of p is known as the significance level(alpha) of the experiement , mostly it is to be taken as 1% or 5% .

At 5% level of significace if the p value <0.05 then we reject the null hypothesis.

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