ill in the following tables using the following BANK of words: bile salt, capill
ID: 164180 • Letter: I
Question
ill in the following tables using the following BANK of words:
bile salt, capillary, emulsified triglyceride, fatty acid, gastric lipase, glycerol, Golgi apparatus, lingual gland, lingual lipase, lipoprotein lipase, liver, micelle, monoglyceride, pancreas, pancreatic lipase, SER, stomach, triglyceride, triglyceride of the chylomicron, unemulsified triglyceride
They describe the sequence of LIPID digestion as the food enters the digestive tract and thus leading to the components that can be absorbed by the human body.
organ enzyme products organ enzyme products C1 organ enzyme products C2 organ chemical substance products NOTE this is the formation of: 15 From here, fatty acids and monoglycerides associated with micelles go to the interior of the cell (in what organelle -16) and they are assembled as triglycerides, then, these associate themselves with proteins to form chylomicrons (in what organelle 17), lastly, these are expulse from the cell and go into a lacteal (lymphatic system) where they end up in the venous blood: organ enzyme products 18Explanation / Answer
the sequence of LIPID digestion as the food enters the digestive tract and thus leading to the components that can be absorbed by the human body.
Digestion is the mechanical and chemical break down of food into smallorganicfragments. Mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. Inchemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the smallmoleculesthe body can use.It is important to break downmacromoleculesinto smaller fragments that are of suitable size for absorption across cell membranes. Large,complexmolecules of proteins, polysaccharides, andlipids must be reduced to simpler particles before they can be absorbed by the digestive epithelial cells. Different organs play specific roles in the digestive process. The animal diet needs carbohydrates, protein, and fat, as well as vitamins andinorganiccomponents for nutritional balance.Digestive enzymes are enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body. Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tracts of animals. Digestive enzymes are diverse and are found in the saliva secreted by thesalivary glands, in the stomach secreted by cells lining the stomach, in the pancreatic juice secreted by pancreaticexocrinecells, and in the intestinal (small and large)secretions, or as part of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.Intestinal microflora benefit the host by gleaning the energy from thefermentationof undigested carbohydratesand the subsequent absorption of short-chain fatty acids. Intestinal bacteria also play a role in synthesizing vitamin B and vitamin K as well as metabolizing bile acids,sterols and xenobiotics.The next step of carbohydrate digestion takes place in the duodenum. Thechymefrom the stomach enters the duodenum and mixes with the digestive secretions from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. Pancreatic juices also contain amylase, which continues the breakdown of starch andglycogeninto maltose and other disaccharides. These disaccharides are then broken down into monosaccharides byenzymes called maltases, sucrases, and lactases. The monosaccharides produced are absorbed so that they can be used in metabolic pathways to harness energy. They are absorbed across the intestinal epithelium into the bloodstream to be transported to the different cells in the body .Lipid (fat) digestion begins in the stomach with the aid of lingual lipase and gastric lipase. However, the bulk of lipid digestion occurs in the small intestine due to pancreatic lipase. When chyme enters the duodenum, the hormonal responses triggerthe release of bile, which is produced in theliver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile aidsin the digestion of lipids, primarily triglycerides, through emulsification. Emulsification is a process in which large lipid globules are broken down into several small lipid globules. These small globules are widely distributed in the chyme rather than forming large aggregates. Lipids arehydrophobicsubstances. Bile contains bile salts, which have hydrophobic andhydrophilicsides. The bile salts' hydrophilic side can interface with water, while the hydrophobic side interfaces with lipids, thereby emulsifying large lipid globules into small lipid globules.Emulsification is important for the digestion of lipids because lipases can only efficiently act on the lipids when they are broken into small aggregates. Lipases break down the lipids into fatty acids and glycerides. These molecules can pass through theplasma membraneof the cell, entering the epithelial cells of the intestinal lining. The bile salts surround long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides,forming tiny spheres called micelles. The micelles move into the brush border of the small intestine absorptive cells where the long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides diffuse out of the micelles into the absorptive cells, leaving the micelles behindin the chyme. The long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides recombine in the absorptive cells to form triglycerides, which aggregate into globules, and are then coated with proteins. These large spheres are called chylomicrons. Chylomicrons contain triglycerides, cholesterol, and other lipids; they have proteins on their surface. The surface is also composed of the hydrophilicphosphate"heads" ofphospholipids. Together, they enable the chylomicron to move in an aqueous environment without exposing thelipids to water. Chylomicrons leave the absorptive cells via exocytosis, entering the lymphatic vessels. From there, they enter the blood in the subclavianvein.
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