Sometimes, proteins serve as a source of energy for the cell. Proteolysis begins

Question

Sometimes, proteins serve as a source of energy for the cell. Proteolysis begins with enzymes that hydrolyze the peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids. These enzymes are called _ ? the small peptides that are produced are further broken down by _ ? Three of the 20 amino acids found in proteins can directly give rise to pyruvate or intermediates of the Krebs Cycle. Name these three amino acids. What must first be removed before they enter the pathway? Review the first 3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration. How many ATP are produced for each glucose that goes through those stages? Does that seem like a lot? Where is the remaining free energy that results from the catabolism of this glucose? How do harvest the energy from these molecules in a manner that enables more ATP production?

Explanation / Answer

13. Protease, peptidases

The enzymes which cause hydrolysis of peptide bonds is known as proteases. Upon hydrolysis, smaller fragments of peptides which are produced, are further degraded by peptidases to produce the constituent amino acids.

14. Alanine, glutamine, and glycine.

Glucogenic amino acids, such as alanine, glutamine nd glycine can directly enter the citric acid cycle in the form of pyruvate and oxaloacetate These amino acids undergo deamination or the removal of the amino group, and the carbon skeleton then enters the Kreb's cycle.

15. The three stages of aerobic cellular respiration are glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

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