1. The exchange surface in the alveoli is normally: a very thick layer to protec
ID: 162424 • Letter: 1
Question
1. The exchange surface in the alveoli is normally:
a very thick layer to protect the body from inhaled bacteria or viruses.
is composed of surfactant, Type I alveolar cells, a fused basement membrane, and endothelium cells of the blood vessels.
is lined with cilia to help move the mucus layer towards the pharynx.
2. An individual's normal respiration is measured to be 400 mL. At the end of normal inhalation, the volume in the lungs is calculated to be 3000 mL. When asked to expel as much air as possible at the end of normal exhalation, the individual forcefully exhaled an additional 1000 mL. And finally, when asked to inhale as much as possible at the end of normal inspiration, an additional 2800 mL of air was inhaled.
Given this information, select the correct volumes:
Tidal volume =
Inspiratory reserve =
Expiratory reserve =
Total lung capacity =
Residual volume =
Functional residual capacity =
Vital capacity =
4200 mL
1600 mL
3400 mL
2800 mL
400 mL
2000 mL
2600 mL
1000 mL
5800 mL
3. Air flows into the lungs because:
The pressure inside the lungs increases and the the air move down the pressure gradient.
The diaphragm contracts and stretches out the lungs by directly pulling on the outside of the lung tissue.
the thoracic volume increases.
4. Select all that are TRUE concerning pressure changes during quite breathing.
When the intaplural pressure is held constant at its most negative pressure, air is continuing to flow into the lungs.
Only when the pleural pressure is changing is the alveolar pressure not equal to 0 mm Hg.
The pressure inside the lungs is equal to atmospheric pressure when the intrapleural pressure is at its lowest
5. Consider this diver with a 50 foot long snorkel (as in the picture). This snorkel holds a volume of 1000 mL.
The tidal volume of this person is 500 mL and their breath frequency is 20 breaths a minute. Assume the diver's conducting airways hold 150 mL volume.
What is the calculated alveolar ventilation?
veolar ventilation = ventilation rate x (Vt - dead space volume)
In this instance, the dead space is that of the snorkel and the conducting airways.
6000 mL/min
0 mL/min
-13,000 mL/min
-23,000 mL/min
6.Considering the carbonic anhydrase reaction, which of the following would cause an increase in blood pH levels? [select all that apply]
a. an increase in CO2 production by muscle tissue.
c. a decrease in dissolved CO2 in the plasma.
d.an increase in dissolved CO2 in the plasma.
7.Which of the following explains why hemoglobin in RBCs binds to O2 in lung tissue but releases O2 in other tissues? [select all that apply]
a.pH is lower at the lungs than the tissues.
b.PCO2 is lower in the lungs than the other tissues.
c.2,3-DPG is produced at higher levels in the other tissues compared to the lungs.
d.the temperature of the lungs is higher compared to the rest of the body.
8.Which of the following best describes inspiratory neural activity during quiet breathing?
Neural activity increases throughout inspiration and rapidly decreases during expiration indicating expiration is primarily due to the elasticity of the lung tissue.
A.a very thick layer to protect the body from inhaled bacteria or viruses.
B.is composed of surfactant, Type I alveolar cells, a fused basement membrane, and endothelium cells of the blood vessels.
C. is composed of surfactant, Type II alveolar cells, a fused basement membrane, and endothelium cells of the blood vessels. D.is lined with cilia to help move the mucus layer towards the pharynx.
Explanation / Answer
(1) B. is composed of surfactant, Type I alveolar cells, a fused basement membrane, and endothelium cells of the blood vessels.
An alveolus is lined by type I alveolar cells and the surfactant-secreting type II cells. a fused basement membrane, and the capillary endothelium.
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