1. Which of the following elements has the longest residence time in the atmosph

Question

1. Which of the following elements has the longest residence time in the atmosphere?

A) nitrogen
B) oxygen
C) sulfur dioxide
D) Nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur dioxide all have the same residence time.

2. Which of the following elements has the shortest residence time in the oceans? A) calcium

B) iron
C) sodium
D) Calcium, iron, and sodium all have the same residence time.

3. Which of the following carbon fluxes is the greatest?
A) air-sea gas exchange C) chemical weathering B) photosynthesis and respiration D) volcanism

4. Which of the following processes removes carbon from the atmosphere? A) photosynthesis B) respiration C) volcanism D) all of the above

5. Weathering of carbonate and silicate rocks _____.
A) adds carbon to the atmosphere and the lithosphere
B) adds carbon to the atmosphere and removes carbon from the lithosphere C) removes carbon from the atmosphere and adds carbon to the lithosphere D) removes carbon from the atmosphere and the lithosphere

6. What proportion of the total amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere each year stays in the atmosphere?
A) approximately 25% C) approximately 75%
B) approximately 50% D) approximately 100%

7. Which of the following has dramatically changed the carbon cycle over the past 150 years?

A) burial of organic carbon C) burning of fossil fuels B) deposition of carbon-rich sediments D) volcanism

8. Sulfur dioxide is emitted from power plants that burn coal containing large amounts of the mineral __________.
A) biotite B) hematite C) muscovite D) pyrite

9. The ________ is the ice component of the climate system.
A) hydrosphere B) glaciosphere C) cryosphere D) stratosphere

10. At the last glacial maximum, sea level was about ______ lower than today. A) 10 m B) 130 m C) 200 m D) 1000 m

11. Solar radiation transforms oxygen molecules in the upper atmosphere into which of the following compounds?

A) carbon dioxide B) chlorine C) ozone D) water vapor

12. The biosphere is comprised of _______.
A) plants living near the Earth's surface
B) microbes living near the Earth's surface
C) animals living near the Earth's surface
D) all organisms living near the Earth's surface

13. What is the chemical formula for ozone?
A) O B) O2 C) O3 D) O4

14. Which of the following statements regarding ozone is false?

A) Chlorofluorocarbons are depleting the ozone layer. B) Ozone absorbs harmful infrared radiation.
C) Ozone forms from oxygen in the stratosphere. D) Ozone is a greenhouse gas.

Explanation / Answer

1) A) nitrogen

2) B) iron

3)A) air-sea gas exchange

4) A) photosynthesis

5) D) removes carbon from the atmosphere and the lithosphere

7)C) burning of fossil fuels

8)  D) pyrite

9)C) cryosphere

11)C) ozone

12) D) all organisms living near the Earth's surface

13)C) O3

14) B) Ozone absorbs harmful infrared radiation

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