Lear Cardboard Models 1-6 from the back of you lab manual. Cut and fold them as

Question

Lear Cardboard Models 1-6 from the back of you lab manual. Cut and fold them as noted in red on each model. This model shows Ordovician (green), Silurian (light gray), Devonian (hide gray), Mississippian (dark gray), Pennsylvanian (yellow), and Permian (salmon) formations sinking due north and dipping 24" to the west. Provided are a complete geologic map (die top of the diagram) and three of the four vertical cross sections (south, east, and west sides of the block diagram), Finalize Cardboard Model 1 as follows. First construct the vertical cross section on the north side of the block so it shows the formations and their attitudes (dips).On the map, draw a strike and dip symbol on the Mississippian sandstone that dips 24" to the west (see FIGURES 10.3 or 10.5 for the strike and dip symbol). Explain the sequence of events that led to the existence of the formations and the relationships that now exist among them in this block diagram.

Explanation / Answer

1) The Ordovician–Silurian extinction events, also known as the Ordovician extinction, were, combined, the second-largest of the five major extinction events in Earth's history in terms of percentage of genera that went extinct and second largest overall in the overall loss of life.

2) The Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) extinction event, colloquially known as the Great Dying or the Great Permian Extinction, occurred about 252 Ma (million years) ago, forming the boundary between thePermian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. It is the Earth's most severe known extinction event, with up to 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebratespecies becoming extinct. It is the only known mass extinction of insects. Some 57% of all families and 83% of all genera became extinct. Because so much biodiversity was lost, the recovery of life on Earth took significantly longer than after any other extinction event, possibly up to 10 million years.

3) The Late Devonian extinction was one of five major extinction events in the history of the Earth's biota. A major extinction, the Kellwasser Event, occurred at the boundary that marks the beginning of the last phase of the Devonian period, the Famennian faunal stage (the Frasnian-Famennian boundary), about 375–360 million years ago. Overall, 19% of all families and 50% of all genera went extinct. A second, distinct mass extinction, the Hangenberg Event, closed the Devonian period

4) The Mississippian (also known as Lower Carboniferous or Early Carboniferous) is a subperiod in the geologic timescale or a subsystem of the geologic record. It is the earliest/lowermost of two subperiods of the Carboniferous period lasting from roughly 358.9 to 323.2 million years ago. As with most other geochronologic units, the rock beds that define the Mississippian are well identified, but the exact start and end dates are uncertain by a few million years. The Mississippian is so named because rocks with this age are exposed in the Mississippi River valley.

5) The Pennsylvanian (also known as Upper Carboniferous or Late Carboniferous) is, in the ICSgeologic timescale, the younger of two subperiods (or upper of two subsystems) of the CarboniferousPeriod. It lasted from roughly 323.2 million years ago to 298.9 million years ago Ma (million years ago). As with most other geochronologic units, the rock beds that define the Pennsylvanian are well identified, but the exact date of the start and end are uncertain by a few million years. The Pennsylvanian is named after the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, where the coal-productive beds of this age are widespread

System Subsystem/
Series Stage Age
(Ma) Permian Cisuralian Asselian younger Carboniferous Pennsylvanian Gzhelian 298.9–303.7 Kasimovian 303.7–307.0 Moscovian 307.0–315.2 Bashkirian 315.2–323.2 Mississippian Serpukhovian 323.2–330.9 Viséan 330.9–346.7 Tournaisian 346.7–358.9 Devonian Late Famennian older

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