Why is it hard to do lithostratigraphic correlation over large distances? ? why?

Question

Why is it hard to do lithostratigraphic correlation over large distances? ? why?is it hard to do magnetostratigraphic correlation over large distances? How did absolute age dating make it possible for chronostratigraphy and biostratigraphy to become different types of stratigraphy? Before plate tectonics, what were some of the evidences Wegener and du Toit used to infer continental drift? What is the Gondwanaland sequence? The Gondwanaland sequence was Permian and Triassic in age. What evidence did polar wander provide that is consistent with this?? why?is it significant that the Gondwanaland sequence has basalt at the top? What is the difference between Pangea and Gondwana(land)? How did sonar help plate tectonic theory develop? Specifically: Tell me what Marie Tharp discovered. Tell me how Harry Hess used her discovery, and guyots, to figure out that plate tectonics occurs. What is the evidence that Harry Hess used to determine that sea floor spreading occurred? How did he know that the oceanic crust must be destroyed some how? ? why?is continental crust far older than oceanic crust? How does a back-arc basin form? How does a rift basin form? What is a craton?

Explanation / Answer

4)

Lithostratigraphy is the study of strata or rock layer. If the distances from the surface increase, then the number of layers from the surface also increases. The upper layers on the rock is the younger than the lower layer (older).

The correlation stratigraphy is two types based on the datum.

Direct correlation is the study, based on the color, structure, thickness, and lithology.

Indirect correlation is the study, based on gamma, density and resistivity.

Hence, if the numbers of layers increase then the correlation of the layers may cause difficulty.

5)

Magnetostratigraphy is the geophysical technique to distinguish the sedimentary layer. Here, the sediments of the samples collected and analyses their susceptibility, remnant magnetism of the layer. If the distance increases, then the number of layers from the surface increases. Thus, the differentiation of the layers for stratigraphy is difficult.

6)

Dating is the method for find out the age of the rocks and fossils.

Radiometric dating is the one and only best method for find out the absolute age of the rock based on the radioactive elements present in the rock. Thus, chronostratigraphy based on the radiometric dating of the rock for absolute age.

Relative dating is used to calculate for finding the absolute age of the fossils. The fossils are found in the sedimentary rocks, so for biostratigraphy relative dating plays an important role for absolute age of the rocks.

7)

The following are the evidences collected by Wegener and DuToit for Gondwanaland in 1920s and 1930.

Fit of the continents

Paleoclimate indicators

Far-Flung fossils

Truncated geologic features

They shows the evidence of splitting of Pangea, as the southern has Africa, South America, Antarctica, India and Australia, called Gondwanaland.

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