1)During the last Ice Age large sheets of ice moved across the Northern Hemisphe
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Question
1)During the last Ice Age large sheets of ice moved across the Northern Hemisphere. Examining the Radiative Transfer Equation, which terms would be effected. Explain your reasoning.
2)How would the conditions in problem #1 affect satellite imagery? (assuming either weather satellites were available 12,00 years ago or similar conditions occurred again in the future)
3)The increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere is contributing to climate change. Which terms would be affected in the Radiative Transfer Equation? Explain your reasoning.
Explanation / Answer
The one and only “new” concept added by HS to mathematics of the barometric formulae & Poisson relation is using the atmospheric center of mass concept with Newton’s Second Law of Motion F=ma=mg, which is not “new” at all and is critical in application of Newton’s 2nd Law to a system of particles (i.e. the atmospheric adiabatic processes) a maximum emitting temperature of 193K (CO2) can only transfer HEAT to bodies colder than 193K (2nd LoT), falsely claiming if you have a lot more CO2 & 193K line-emitters, that will transfer more HEAT to bodies warmer than 193K. Absolutely false! The HEAT transferred by a 193K emitter to a body warmer than 193K is ZERO, whether we are talking about one molecule of CO2 or one million molecules of CO2 all emitting at 193K.
I’ve also pointed out 3 or 4 times above that climate scientists falsely assume CO2 is a true blackbody for which SB & Planck’s Law apply, and constantly & incorrectly use SB Law for GHG calculations, even though CO2 is far from a true blackbody and emits LESS ENERGY E=hv than a BB at 193K. Not only is CO2 not a BB, it behaves the opposite of a BB in that emissivity decreases with increasing temperature.
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased by more than 40% since pre-industrial times, from approximately 280 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in the 18th century to 396 ppmv in 2013. In April of 2014, the monthly average concentration at Mauna Loa exceeding 400 ppm for the first time in human history. The current CO2 level is higher than it has been in at least 800,000 years.
Some volcanic eruptions released large quantities of CO2 in the distant past. However, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports that human activities now emit more than 135 times as much CO2 as volcanoes each year.
Human activities currently release over 30 billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere every year. [2] The resultant build-up of CO2 in the atmosphere is like a tub filling with water, where more water flows from the faucet than the drain can take away.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has risen from pre-industrial levels of 280 parts per million by volume (ppmv) to about 396 ppmv in 2013. Since 1959 alone, concentrations have risen by 80.5 ppmv. The yearly rise and fall in the chart reflects the growth and decay or northern hemisphere vegetation.
2. The first weather satellite to successfully report global weather data from space was launched 53 years ago this week. The TIROS-1 satellite took off on April 1, 1960 from Cape Canaveral, and for 78 days relayed imagery of cloud-covering on the Earth. The mission came from a partnership between NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and along with later TIROS satellites is credited by the groups as having paved the way for more sophisticated weather satellites.
The TIROS-1 was equipped with two television cameras that returned imagery using the satellite's four antennas. An institute within the University of Wisconsin's has surfaced two of the first images sent back, though there's some debate as to which of the two came first. The pictures show the earth in grainy black-and-white, but it's easy to make out the cloud covering that NASA and NOAA used as proof that such satellites could be useful in making meteorological predictions.
Eastern Time that day in favor of its own similar weather information channel, The Weather Cast. The carriage dispute was over the rates that The Weather Channel asked Dish Network to pay: from 11¢ per subscriber per month[39] to 12¢,[40] a 9% increase, totaling $140,000 per month. The dispute was also over The Weather Channel's programming format shifting from an information-based channel to an entertainment-based service.[41
3. Both Doppler Broadening and Pressure broadening, the two major means whereby CO2 absorption wavelengths broaden, have a temperature dependent term in the equation. Furthermore, the equation for collision (pressure) broadening, has to be taken with regard to the entire atmosphere, not just CO2 molecules heating the atmosphere by 1C will cause somewhere around 2C in feedback heating. (A doubling of CO2 will lead to about a 1C in direct heating and 2C from things like changes in ice albedo, water vapor). It seems to me that the lack of symmetry in the response to heating and cooling is germane here too.
The above changes should happen(if they do happen) much more quickly than changes in the CO2 level, and they should also cause a symmetrical response.
The entombed temperature record is a record of temperatures at the coldest known place on earth, which can get doen to -90 C, and where temperature excursions of tens of degrees C are common.
At Vostok Temperatures, the atmosphere has to be essentially devoid of water vapor or water in any form, and quite often it can be devoid of CO2 as well, with CO2 ice on the ground.
So one lesson we should learn from all of this, is that Vostok Station is not at all representative of global climate, and we shouldn’t be using these data to imply any global behavior.
Another consequence of the extreme low temperatures at Vostok, and the consequent virtual absence of water in the atmosphere, is that CO2 (and ozone) are the only GHGs of any consequence in that atmosphere, in which case, the effect of CO2 is exaggerated compared to global typical atmospheres where much of the IR spectrum that CO2 can absorb, is already absorbed by water vapor.
Any possible kind of (physical) amplification has to be delayed by the propagation delay of the amplification process. No physical causal relationship, can have a negative propagation delay; the output of the process, always has to follow the input to that process, otherwise we would have what Analog engineers describe as the “guesser circuit” a CO2 triggered temperature excursion (either up or down), can then sudeenly switch and have the CO2 take over as driver, is sheer nonsense.
the global sense, who needs the CO2, because water vapor by itself is perfectly capable of starting a temperature excursion, without any coaxing from CO2.Feedback either from ocean outgassing of CO2 or evaporation of water enhances CO2 induced warming; is tantamount to grabbing hold of the branch of a tree, while you and the tree are falling down a cliff. The incontrovertible delay of the Vostok CO2 response to the local temperature changes, is a fatal blow to the claim of CO2 caused global climate change.
CO2 does not intercept earth surface thermal radiation, and warm the surface and the atmosphere (at all). The Physics is very real; but if you don’t properly allow for the evaporative response to surface warming, and the negative feedback due to clouds, then you cannot claim to be modeling this planet.
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