Problem S: An orchestra contains both string and wind instruments. The orchestra

Question

Problem S: An orchestra contains both string and wind instruments. The orchestra tunes their instruments in the morning at a temperature of Tc15 *C. As they play, the temperature rises in the aftenoon to TH 30 °C and falls in the late evening back to Tc. As usual, the speed of sound in air increases with increasing temperature Part (c) To retune their stringed instruments to the orchestra players must: MultipleChoice: 1) Increase the amplitude of the standing waves they create on the strings 2) Increase the tension in the strings 3) Replace the strings with ones that are more massive 4) Decrease the amplitude of the standing waves they create on the strings 5) Reduce the tension in the strings 6) None of the above. Part (d) How has the increase in temperature changed the frequency of the sound waves coming from the wind instruments? (Assume negligible thermal expansion of the wind instruments.) MultipleChoice 1) The frequency has increased because the density of the surrounding air has increased. 2) The frequency has increased because the velocity of sound in air has increased. 3) The frequency has not changed. 4) The frequency has decreased because the density of the surrounding air has decreased 5) The frequency has decreased because the velocity of sound in air has increased. 6) There is not enough information. Part (e) To retune their wind instruments to the orchestra players must: MultipleChoice 1) Increase the length of a given standing wave in the instrument by increasing the instrument length. 2) Increase the amplitude of the standing waves they create in the air columns of their instruments. 3) Decrease the length of a given standing wave in the instrument by decreasing the instrument length. 4) Decrease the amplitude of the standing waves they create in the air columns of their instruments. 5) None of the above. Part (f) As the temperature drops back to Tc, the MultipleChoice 1) Tension in the strings of the stringed instruments must be increased to lower the frequency of the notes produced, while the lengths of the air columns of the wind instruments must be reduced to increase the frequency of the notes produced. 2) Tension in the strings of the stringed instruments must be reduced to lower the frequency of the notes produced, while the lengths of the air columns of the wind instruments must be reduced to increase the frequency of the notes produced. 3) Tension in the strings of the stringed instruments must be reduced to lower the frequency of the notes produced, while the lengths of the air columns of the wind instruments must be reduced to reduce the frequency of the notes produced. 4) Tension in the strings of the stringed instruments must be reduced to lower the frequency of the notes produced, while the lengths of the air columns of the wind instruments must be increased to increase the frequency of the notes produced 5) Tension in the strings of the stringed instruments must be reduced to increase the frequency of the notes produced, while the lengths of the air columns of the wind instruments must be reduced to reduce the frequency of the notes produced 6) None of the above.

Explanation / Answer

c) As on increasing tension speed of sound increases, in afternoon speed of sound is more due to temperature so to reduce speed its tension must be reduced. 5)

d) frequency X wavelength = speed of sound wave

as speed increases due to increase in temperature frequency also increases 2)

e) frequency is inversely proportional to length so with temperature frequency increases so to reduce frequency again the length of the instrument is increased. 1)

f) 1)

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