1. Ozone concentrations in the stratosphere (a) are relatively stable (b) vary l

Question

1. Ozone concentrations in the stratosphere (a) are relatively stable (b) vary latitudinally (c) increase in the summer months and decrease in the winter months (d) are highest at the equator

2. Temperature increases with height in the stratosphere because of (a) greenhouse absorption of thermal energy by ozone (b) absorption of infrared energy by ozone from sunlight incident on the earth’s atmosphere (c) absorption of ultraviolet light by ozone from solar energy incident on the earth’s atmosphere (d) water vapor present in the stratosphere

3. High pressure systems (a) rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere (b) are characterized by high winds and precipitation (c) are characterized by subsiding air, low wind speeds and clear weather (d) produce storms

4. Anticyclones are characterized by (a) counterclockwise motion in the northern hemisphere (b) clear skies and low wind (c) rapid movement (d) all of the above

5. In the stratosphere (a) temperature decreases with height (b) temperature increases with height (c) ozone concentrations reach a peak (d) all of the above (e) b & c

6. Cyclonic air flow is induced by (a) friction (b) Coriolis effect (c) pressure gradient force (d) all of the above

7. The atmospheric region significantly affected by friction is the (a) planetary boundary layer (b) ozone layer (c) tropopause (d) stratopause

8. Nature produces significant quantities of a variety of pollutants. Despite this, in most cases natural air pollution poses little risk to humans. This is due to the fact that (a) atmospheric levels are often quite low (b) large distances often separate sources and large human populations (c) some natural pollutants are produced episodically and therefore are transient (d) all of the above

9. The major anthropogenic source of sulfur dioxide emissions to the atmosphere is (a) volcanoes (b) automobiles (c) electric generating stations (d) decaying vegetation

10. The major anthropogenic source of carbon monoxide emissions to the atmosphere is (a) electrical generating stations (b) automobiles (c) industrial processes (d) miscellaneous sources

11. An increase in tropospheric carbon monoxide levels will (a) decrease tropospheric ozone (b) increase tropospheric ozone (c) decrease tropospheric methane (d) increase tropospheric sulfur oxides

12. National emission estimates for ozone are not made by USEPA because (a) sources are small and widely scattered (b) ozone is not an important air pollutant (c) ozone is, for the most part, not emitted to the atmosphere (d) all of the above

13. Wind speed increases with height. This change with height is significantly affected by (a) wind direction (b) pollutant concentration (c) surface roughness (d) none of the above

14. In a relatively clean atmosphere, cloud and rain droplets may, in theory, have a pH of approximately 5.7. This pH value is associated with (a) pollutants produced biogenically (b) absorption of CO2 (c) absorption of O3 (d) none of the above

15. Bromine is more effective in destroying stratospheric ozone because it (a) is chemically more reactive than chlorine (b) is less efficiently removed by sink mechanisms (c) serves to form ice crystals (d) all of the above

16. Key factor(-s) causing the Antarctic ozone hole is/are (a) warm atmospheric temperatures (b) polar stratospheric clouds (c) nitrous oxide (d) all of the above

17. As a consequence of enhanced global warming, one could anticipate an increase in cloud cover. This would be expected to (a) reduce global warming if clouds produced were low lying (b) enhance global warming if cirrus clouds were produced (c) cause a rise in sea level because of increased rainfall (d) all of the above (e) a & b

18. Epidemiological studies are designed to (a) determine the toxic effects of a substance on laboratory animals under controlled conditions (b) determine the toxic effects of substances on humans (c) statistically determine whether a potential causal association exists between ambient pollutants and health effects (d) determine the carcinogenicity of substances

19. Exposure to pollutants may result in a number of interaction effects. When such effects are multiplicative the interaction is (a) additive (b) synergistic (c) antagonistic (d) mutualistic

20. The pollutant associated with increased mortality in contemporary air pollution episodes is (a) lead (b) sulfur dioxide (c) particulate matter (d) carbon monoxide

21. Evaluation of the risk of developing cancer as a result of exposure to a toxic pollutant is described as (a) hazard identification (b) exposure assessment (c) risk assessment (d) risk management

22. Regulatory or non-regulatory actions taken to reduce diseases risk associated with pollutant exposures is (a) hazard identification (b) exposure assessment (c) risk management (d) risk assessment

23. Using comparative risk assessment as a tool for regulatory actions, which of the following statements would be true? (a) most toxic pollutants are not harmful (b) the risk of developing disease from exposures to many pollutants is so small that it would be difficult to justify regulatory actions (c) many more pollutants would be regulated if such an assessment were made (d) none of the above

24. Most air pollution-induced injury to plants occurs on (a) leaves (b) flowers (c) roots (d) stems

25. A biologically-active form of mercury is (a) ionic mercury (b) elemental mercury (c) methyl mercury (d) none of the above

Explanation / Answer

1

Answer: C

Explanation: Ozone concentration should be increase in summer months and decrease in the winter months.

2

Answer: D

Explanation: Water vapor in the atmosphere absorbs sunlight and heats the Earth’s atmosphere.

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